{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:52:48Z","timestamp":1772085168821,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302449\/2018-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302449\/2018-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/22033-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/22033-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/02681-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/02681-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The armored Harttia catfishes present great species diversity and remarkable cytogenetic variation, including different sex chromosome systems. Here we analyzed three new species, H. duriventris, H. villasboas and H. rondoni, using both conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa-staining and C-banding), including the mapping of repetitive DNAs using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments. Both H. duriventris and H. villasboas have 2n = \u264056\/\u264255 chromosomes, and an X1X1X2X2 \/X1X2Y sex chromosome system, while a proto or neo-XY system is proposed for H. rondoni (2n = 54\u2640\u2642). Single motifs of 5S and 18S rDNA occur in all three species, with the latter being also mapped in the sex chromosomes. The results confirm the general evolutionary trend that has been noticed for the genus: an extensive variation on their chromosome number, single sites of rDNA sequences and the occurrence of multiple sex chromosomes. Comparative genomic analyses with another congeneric species, H. punctata, reveal that the X1X2Y sex chromosomes of these species share the genomic contents, indicating a probable common origin. The remarkable karyotypic variation, including sex chromosomes systems, makes Harttia a suitable model for evolutionary studies focusing on karyotype differentiation and sex chromosome evolution among lower vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11101179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T21:42:21Z","timestamp":1602798141000},"page":"1179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Multiple Sex Chromosomes and Evolutionary Relationships in Amazonian Catfishes: The Outstanding Model of the Genus Harttia (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5699-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco de M. C.","family":"Sassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o, Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geize A.","family":"Deon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o, Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR 84010-330, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Moreira-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o, Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR 84010-330, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3913-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo R.","family":"Vicari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR 84010-330, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz A. C.","family":"Bertollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o, Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1672-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Liehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena 07747, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8264-8884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezequiel Aguiar","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Estado de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Mato Grosso\u2014SEDUC-MT, Cuiab\u00e1, MT 78049-909, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo B.","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o, Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferraris, C.J. 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