{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T05:52:48Z","timestamp":1772085168165,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda&amp;#x00E7;&amp;#x00E3;o de Amparo &amp;#x00E0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&amp;#x00E3;o Paulo","award":["2018\/22033-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/22033-1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302449\/2018-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302449\/2018-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Harttia comprises an armored catfish genus endemic to the Neotropical region, including 27 valid species with low dispersion rates that are restricted to small distribution areas. Cytogenetics data point to a wide chromosomal diversity in this genus due to changes that occurred in isolated populations, with chromosomal fusions and fissions explaining the 2n number variation. In addition, different multiple sex chromosome systems and rDNA loci location are also found in some species. However, several Harttia species and populations remain to be investigated. In this study, Harttia intermontana and two still undescribed species, morphologically identified as Harttia sp. 1 and Harttia sp. 2, were cytogenetically analyzed. Harttia intermontana has 2n = 52 and 2n = 53 chromosomes, while Harttia sp. 1 has 2n = 56 and 2n = 57 chromosomes in females and males, respectively, thus highlighting the occurrence of an XX\/XY1Y2 multiple sex chromosome system in both species. Harttia sp. 2 presents 2n = 62 chromosomes for both females and males, with fission events explaining its karyotype diversification. Chromosomal locations of the rDNA sites were also quite different among species, reinforcing that extensive rearrangements had occurred in their karyotype evolution. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments among some Harttia species evidenced a shared content of the XY1Y2 sex chromosomes in three of them, thus pointing towards their common origin. Therefore, the comparative analysis among all Harttia species cytogenetically studied thus far allowed us to provide an evolutionary scenario related to the speciation process of this fish group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11111366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T07:41:00Z","timestamp":1605685260000},"page":"1366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Highly Rearranged Karyotypes and Multiple Sex Chromosome Systems in Armored Catfishes from the Genus Harttia (Teleostei, Siluriformes)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Geize Aparecida","family":"Deon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos SP 13565-905, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Cromoss\u00f4mica, Estrutura e Fun\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa PR 84030-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Glugoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos SP 13565-905, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Cromoss\u00f4mica, Estrutura e Fun\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa PR 84030-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3913-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Ricardo","family":"Vicari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Cromoss\u00f4mica, Estrutura e Fun\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa PR 84030-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Nogaroto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Cromoss\u00f4mica, Estrutura e Fun\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Gen\u00e9tica, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa PR 84030-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5699-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco de Menezes Cavalcante","family":"Sassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo de Bello","family":"Cioffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1672-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Liehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Antonio Carlos","family":"Bertollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Moreira-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Citogen\u00e9tica de Peixes, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Nelson, J.S., Grand, T.C., and Wilson, M.V.H. 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