{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:04:37Z","timestamp":1787925877783,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1114827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1114827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A deep understanding of the genetic control of drought tolerance and iron deficiency tolerance is essential to hasten the process of developing improved varieties with higher tolerance through genomics-assisted breeding. In this context, an improved genetic map with 1205 loci was developed spanning 2598.3\u2009cM with an average 2.2\u2009cM distance between loci in the recombinant inbred line (TAG 24 \u00d7 ICGV 86031) population using high-density 58K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) \u201cAxiom_Arachis\u201d array. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed using extensive phenotyping data generated for 20 drought tolerance- and two iron deficiency tolerance-related traits from eight seasons (2004\u20132015) at two locations in India, one in Niger, and one in Senegal. The genome-wide QTL discovery analysis identified 19 major main-effect QTLs with 10.0\u201333.9% phenotypic variation explained (PVE) for drought tolerance- and iron deficiency tolerance- related traits. Major main-effect QTLs were detected for haulm weight (20.1% PVE), SCMR (soil plant analytical development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter reading, 22.4% PVE), and visual chlorosis rate (33.9% PVE). Several important candidate genes encoding glycosyl hydrolases; malate dehydrogenases; microtubule-associated proteins; and transcription factors such as MADS-box, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC), and myeloblastosis (MYB) were identified underlying these QTL regions. The putative function of these genes indicated their possible involvement in plant growth, development of seed and pod, and photosynthesis under drought or iron deficiency conditions in groundnut. These genomic regions and candidate genes, after validation, may be useful to develop molecular markers for deploying genomics-assisted breeding for enhancing groundnut yield under drought stress and iron-deficient soil conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12010037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T09:35:23Z","timestamp":1609320923000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Improved Genetic Map Identified Major QTLs for Drought Tolerance- and Iron Deficiency Tolerance-Related Traits in Groundnut"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4101-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish K.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil S.","family":"Gangurde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0033-5279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinay","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9869-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh K.","family":"Pattanashetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India"},{"name":"College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (UAS-D), Vijayapur 580005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopalakrishna K.","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (UAS-D), Vijayapur 580005, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-7136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Issa","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre R\u00e9gional d\u2019Excellence Sur Les C\u00e9r\u00e9ales S\u00e8ches et Cultures Associ\u00e9es, Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Bambey BP 53, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falalou","family":"Hamidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahelian Center, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Niamey 12404, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2612-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haile","family":"Desmae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Bamako BP 320, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1879-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ndjido Ardo","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre R\u00e9gional d\u2019Excellence Sur Les C\u00e9r\u00e9ales S\u00e8ches et Cultures Associ\u00e9es, Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Bambey BP 53, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3851-5603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Peanut Biology and Genetic Improvement, Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Vadez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le Developement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam N.","family":"Nigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4562-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajeev K.","family":"Varshney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, April 13). 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