{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:28:40Z","timestamp":1782844120988,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001849","name":"Defence Research and Development Organisation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGLS\/P(S&T)\/14-15\/DIP-265\/2053\/D (R&D)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGLS\/P(S&T)\/14-15\/DIP-265\/2053\/D (R&D)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001849","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to identify the clinical and genetic markers related to the two uncommon nutritional statuses\u2014metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUNW) and metabolically healthy overweight\/obese (MHOW) individuals in the physically active individuals. Physically active male volunteers (n = 120) were recruited, and plasma samples were analyzed for the clinical parameters. Triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and insulin resistance were considered as markers of metabolic syndrome. The subjects were classified as \u2018healthy\u2019 (0 metabolic abnormalities) or \u2018unhealthy\u2019 (\u22651 metabolic abnormalities) in their respective BMI group with a cut-off at 24.9 kg\/m2. Analysis of biochemical variables was done using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits with further confirmation using western blot analysis. The microarray was conducted, followed by quantitative real-time PCR to identify and analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The MHOW group constituted 12.6%, while the MUNW group constituted 32.4% of the total study population. Pro-inflammatory markers like interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, and ferritin were increased in metabolically unhealthy groups in comparison to metabolically healthy groups. Gene expression profiling of MUNW and MHOW individuals resulted in differential expression of 7470 and 5864 genes, respectively. The gene ontology (GO) biological pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of the \u2018JAK\/STAT signaling pathway\u2019 in MUNW and \u2018The information-processing pathway at the IFN-\u03b2 enhancer\u2032 pathway in MHOW. The G6PC3 gene has genetically emerged as a new distinct gene showing its involvement in insulin resistance. Biochemical, as well as genetic analysis, revealed that MUNW and MHOW are the transition state between healthy and obese individuals with simply having fewer metabolic abnormalities. Moreover, it is possible that the state of obesity is a biological adaptation to cope up with the unhealthy parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12020290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T20:54:08Z","timestamp":1613768048000},"page":"290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Deciphering Biochemical and Molecular Signatures Associated with Obesity in Context of Metabolic Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4242-3610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisy","family":"Masih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9246-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitendra Kumar","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurseen","family":"Rakhra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annu","family":"Vats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saroj Kumar","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhash Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Zahid","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Som Nath","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"Plasma adipokine and inflammatory marker concentrations are altered in obese, as opposed to non-obese, type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"109","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Applphysiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1613","article-title":"Adipocytokines and the metabolic complications of obesity","volume":"93","author":"Rasouli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn387","article-title":"Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases","volume":"29","author":"Hajer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"4","article-title":"Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance","volume":"17","author":"Bastard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.233","article-title":"Long-term metabolic risk for the metabolically healthy overweight\/obese phenotype","volume":"42","author":"Donegan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9294038","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9294038","article-title":"Characterization of Metabolically Healthy Obese People and Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight People in a General Population Cohort of the ABCD Study","volume":"2017","author":"Buscemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000495852","article-title":"The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes. Facts"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-8902.2004.00377.x","article-title":"Clinical markers for the identification of metabolically healthy but obese individuals","volume":"6","author":"Karelis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.2.246","article-title":"The contribution of expanding portion sizes to the, U.S. obesity epidemic","volume":"92","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1419-3","article-title":"Is the thrifty genotype hypothesis supported by evidence based on confirmed type 2 diabetes- and obesity-susceptibility variants?","volume":"52","author":"Southam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3620","article-title":"A thrifty variant in CREBRF strongly influences body mass index in Samoans","volume":"48","author":"Minster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-010-0935-z","article-title":"Natural selection at genomic regions associated with obesity and type-2 diabetes: East Asians and sub-Saharan Africans exhibit high levels of differentiation at type-2 diabetes regions","volume":"129","author":"Klimentidis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.324","article-title":"The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes","volume":"88","author":"Moshfegh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1171","article-title":"Effectiveness of the, U.S. Department of Agriculture 5-step multiple-pass method in assessing food intake in obese and nonobese women","volume":"77","author":"Conway","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Indian Council of Medical Research (2011). Dietary Guidelines for Indians\u2014A Manual."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Bhaskaran, M. (2010). A comparison of free living energy expenditure determinations of physically active Indians using different methods and the validation against doubly labeled water. Non-Nuclear Applications of Heavy Water and Dueterium, Macmillan Publisher Indian Ltd."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Indian Council of Medical Research (1989). Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians. A Report of the Expert Group of the Indian Council of Medical Research."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.3.460","article-title":"Diagnosing insulin resistance in the general population","volume":"24","author":"McAuley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S310","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.100283","article-title":"Microarray and its applications","volume":"4","author":"Govindarajan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","article-title":"Enrichr: A comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update","volume":"44","author":"Kuleshov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W167","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku443","article-title":"NetworkAnalyst-integrative approaches for protein-protein interaction network analysis and visual exploration","volume":"42","author":"Xia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02555","article-title":"Evidence for dynamically organized modularity in the yeast protein-protein interaction network","volume":"430","author":"Han","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, E.Y., Tan, C.M., Kou, Y., Duan, Q., Wang, Z., Meirelles, G.V., Clark, N.R., and Ma\u2019ayan, A. (2013). Enrichr: Interactive and collaborative HTML5 gene list enrichment analysis tool. BMC Bioinform., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-128"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munoz-Garach, A., Cornejo-Pareja, I., and Tinahones, F.J. (2016). Does Metabolically Healthy Obesity Exist?. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8060320"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0194","article-title":"Caspase induction and BCL2 inhibition in human adipose tissue: A potential relationship with insulin signaling alteration","volume":"36","author":"Tinahones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tinahones, F.J., Coin-Araguez, L., Mayas, M.D., Garcia-Fuentes, E., Hurtado-Del-Pozo, C., Vendrell, J., Cardona, F., Calvo, R.M., Obregon, M.J., and El Bekay, R. (2012). Obesity-associated insulin resistance is correlated to adipose tissue vascular endothelial growth factors and metalloproteinase levels. BMC Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-12-4"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681100500235","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical profile of metabolic obesity and phenotypic obesity in Asian Indians","volume":"5","author":"Geetha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.11.001","article-title":"Characterization of the metabolically healthy phenotype in overweight and obese British men","volume":"94","author":"Ingle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106641","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106641","article-title":"Profile of individuals who are metabolically healthy obese using different definition criteria. A population-based analysis in the Spanish population","volume":"9","author":"Anchuelo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-6-121","article-title":"The prevalence of the metabolically healthy obese phenotype in an aging population and its association with subclinical cardiovascular disease: The Brazilian study on healthy aging","volume":"6","author":"Roberson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20326","article-title":"A metabolically healthy obese phenotype in hispanic participants in the IRAS family study","volume":"21","author":"Samaropoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13662","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121113662","article-title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Metabolic Health in Subjects with Obesity in Chinese Population","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2012.00992.x","article-title":"Obesity: A disease or a biological adaptation? An update","volume":"13","author":"Chaput","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129186","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity: Facts and fantasies","volume":"129","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20045","article-title":"Association of Triglyceride-Lowering LPL Variants and LDL-C-Lowering LDLR Variants With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease","volume":"321","author":"Ference","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pajunen, P., Kotronen, A., Korpi-Hyovalti, E., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Oksa, H., Niskanen, L., Saaristo, T., Saltevo, J.T., Sundvall, J., and Vanhala, M. (2011). Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes in the general population: The FIN-D2D Survey. BMC Public Health, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-754"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.174","article-title":"The prevalence of metabolically healthy obese subjects defined by BMI and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","volume":"19","author":"Shea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.15.1609","article-title":"Identification and characterization of metabolically benign obesity in humans","volume":"168","author":"Stefan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.15.1617","article-title":"The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering: Prevalence and correlates of 2 phenotypes among the, U.S. population (NHANES 1999\u20132004)","volume":"168","author":"Wildman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.216","article-title":"Characterizing the profile of obese patients who are metabolically healthy","volume":"35","author":"Primeau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa004","article-title":"Metabolically Healthy Obesity","volume":"41","author":"Bluher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2016.259","article-title":"Metabolically healthy obesity: A friend or foe?","volume":"32","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1971","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular disease outcomes in the metabolically healthy obese phenotype: A cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Appleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.12.992","article-title":"Interleukins and their signaling pathways in the Reactome biological pathway database","volume":"141","author":"Jupe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46750","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46750","article-title":"Interleukin-6 increases the expression and activity of insulin-degrading enzyme","volume":"7","author":"Kurauti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kogelman, L.J., Fu, J., Franke, L., Greve, J.W., Hofker, M., Rensen, S.S., and Kadarmideen, H.N. (2016). Inter-Tissue Gene Co-Expression Networks between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Individuals. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167519"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00604-4","article-title":"Ordered recruitment: Gene-specific mechanism of transcription activation","volume":"10","author":"Cosma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00822-X","article-title":"Modifying gene expression programs by altering core promoter chromatin architecture","volume":"110","author":"Lomvardas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0512-z","article-title":"Reversal of obesity and liver steatosis in mice via inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and altered gene expression of CYP1B1, PPARalpha, SCD1, and osteopontin","volume":"44","author":"Rojas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.01.003","article-title":"Estrogen receptor 1 gene polymorphisms and decreased risk of obesity in women","volume":"58","author":"Goulart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guclu-Geyik, F., Coban, N., Can, G., and Erginel-Unaltuna, N. (2020). The rs2175898 Polymorphism in the ESR1 Gene has a Significant Sex-Specific Effect on Obesity. Biochem. Genet., 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-020-09987-6"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16686-7","article-title":"Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulates VEGFA in adipose tissue","volume":"7","author":"Fatima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23878","DOI":"10.4161\/jkst.23878","article-title":"Mechanisms of chronic JAK-STAT3-SOCS3 signaling in obesity","volume":"2","author":"Wunderlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jak-stat"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012581799","article-title":"Increased insulin sensitivity in mice lacking p85beta subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase","volume":"99","author":"Ueki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2008.11.160","article-title":"In obese and non-obese adults, the cis-regulatory rs361072 promoter variant of PIK3CB is associated with insulin resistance not with type 2 diabetes","volume":"96","author":"Clement","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.11.008","article-title":"Cullins in human intra-uterine growth restriction: Expressional and epigenetic alterations","volume":"31","author":"Buffat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.168","article-title":"The F box protein, S. phase kinase-associated protein 2 regulates adipose mass and adipocyte number in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Cooke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.08.039","article-title":"Neuronal Rap1 Regulates Energy Balance, Glucose Homeostasis, and Leptin Actions","volume":"16","author":"Kaneko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2016.37.3.188","article-title":"Comparison of Surrogate Markers as Measures of Uncomplicated Insulin Resistance in Korean Adults","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J. Fam. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-013-0422-8","article-title":"Moving on from GWAS: Functional studies on the G6PC2 gene implicated in the regulation of fasting blood glucose","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.12.013","article-title":"Multiple roles of glucose-6-phosphatases in pathophysiology: State of the art and future trends","volume":"1830","author":"Marcolongo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1400","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00566.2006","article-title":"Liver glyconeogenesis: A pathway to cope with postprandial amino acid excess in high-protein fed rats?","volume":"292","author":"Gaudichon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0290205","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a human cDNA and gene encoding a ubiquitously expressed glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein","volume":"29","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wortmann, S.B., Van Hove, J.L.K., Derks, T.G.J., Chevalier, N., Knight, V., Koller, A., Oussuren, E., Mayr, J.A., van Spronsen, F.J., and Lagler, F.B. (2020). Treating neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in glycogen storage disease IB with an SGLT2-inhibitor. Blood.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004465"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1039\/C3MT00347G","article-title":"Serum ferritin is an important inflammatory disease marker, as it is mainly a leakage product from damaged cells","volume":"6","author":"Kell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-017-1148-5","article-title":"Adiponectin, Interleukin-6 and High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein Levels in Overweight\/Obese Indian children","volume":"54","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/12\/2\/290\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:26:32Z","timestamp":1760160392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/12\/2\/290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["genes12020290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes12020290","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]}}}