{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:51:00Z","timestamp":1770915060815,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006124","name":"NIE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY026521, R21EY030198,EY014800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY026521, R21EY030198,EY014800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"NIDCD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC005575,R01DC012115 , R01 DC016875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC005575,R01DC012115 , R01 DC016875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010232","name":"NIDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03 DA048704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03 DA048704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010232","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Usher syndrome (USH) is the leading cause of inherited combined hearing and vision loss. As an autosomal recessive trait, it affects 15,000 people in the United States alone and is responsible for ~21% of inherited blindness and 3 to 6% of early childhood deafness. Approximately 2\/3 of the patients with Usher syndrome suffer from USH2, of whom 85% have mutations in the USH2A gene. Patients affected by USH2 suffer from congenital bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa which leads to progressive loss of vision. To study the molecular mechanisms of this disease and develop a gene therapy strategy, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from a patient carrying compound heterozygous variants of USH2A c.2299delG and c.1256G&gt;T and the patient\u2019s healthy sibling. The pluripotency and stability were confirmed by pluripotency cell specific marker expression and molecular karyotyping. Subsequent CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing using a homology repair template was used to successfully correct the USH2A c.2299delG mutation back to normal c.2299G in the generated patient iPSCs to create an isogenic pair of lines. Importantly, this manuscript describes the first use of the recombinant Cas9 and synthetic gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex approach to correct the USH2A c.2299delG without additional genetic effects in patient-derived iPSCs, an approach that is amenable for therapeutic genome editing. This work lays a solid foundation for future ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy investigations and these patient\u2019s iPSCs also provide an unlimited resource for disease modeling and mechanistic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12060805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T13:14:21Z","timestamp":1621948461000},"page":"805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Generation and Genetic Correction of USH2A c.2299delG Mutation in Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xuezhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Lillywhite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Translational Research Core, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenliang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head-and Neck Surgery, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaohua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna M","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6558-0307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Gosstola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7890-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin T.","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Translational Research Core, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Dykxhoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1452-4193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology and Head-and Neck Surgery, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4799-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2010.29","article-title":"Genetics and pathological mechanisms of Usher syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.11.020","article-title":"Usher syndrome: Hearing loss, retinal degeneration and associated abnormalities","volume":"1852","author":"Mathur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. 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