{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:19:30Z","timestamp":1792016370292,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We genetically characterized 22 Swiss patients who had been diagnosed with Stargardt disease after clinical examination. We identified in 11 patients (50%) pathogenic bi-allelic ABCA4 variants, c.1760+2T&gt;C and c.4496T&gt;C being novel. The dominantly inherited pathogenic ELOVL4 c.810C&gt;G p.(Tyr270*) and PRPH2-c.422A&gt;G p.(Tyr141Cys) variants were identified in eight (36%) and three patients (14%), respectively. All patients harboring the ELOVL4 c.810C&gt;G p.(Tyr270*) variant originated from the same small Swiss area, identifying a founder mutation. In the ABCA4 and ELOVL4 cohorts, the clinical phenotypes of \u201cflecks\u201d, \u201catrophy\u201d, and \u201cbull\u2019s eye like\u201d were observed by fundus examination. In the small number of patients harboring the pathogenic PRPH2 variant, we could observe both \u201cflecks\u201d and \u201catrophy\u201d clinical phenotypes. The onset of disease, progression of visual acuity and clinical symptoms, inheritance patterns, fundus autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography did not allow discrimination between the genetically heterogeneous Stargardt patients. The genetic heterogeneity observed in the relatively small Swiss population should prompt systematic genetic testing of clinically diagnosed Stargardt patients. The resulting molecular diagnostic is required to prevent potentially harmful vitamin A supplementation, to provide genetic counseling with respect to inheritance, and to schedule appropriate follow-up visits in the presence of increased risk of choroidal neovascularization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12060812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T10:30:32Z","timestamp":1622025032000},"page":"812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Absence of Genotype\/Phenotype Correlations Requires Molecular Diagnostic to Ascertain Stargardt and Stargardt-Like Swiss Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Virginie M.M.","family":"Buhler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieselotte","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Schaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin S.","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Escher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308823","article-title":"Stargardt disease: Clinical features, molecular genetics, animal models and therapeutic options","volume":"101","author":"Tanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. 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