{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:03:20Z","timestamp":1760234600124,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stichting Devon","award":["N.A."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.A."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) has a significant genetic and immunological component, but the molecular mechanisms through which genetic and immunity-related risk factors and their interplay contribute to AD pathogenesis are unclear. Therefore, we screened for genetic sharing between AD and the blood levels of a set of cytokines and growth factors to elucidate how the polygenic architecture of AD affects immune marker profiles. For this, we retrieved summary statistics from Finnish genome-wide association studies of AD and 41 immune marker blood levels and assessed for shared genetic etiology, using a polygenic risk score-based approach. For the blood levels of 15 cytokines and growth factors, we identified genetic sharing with AD. We also found positive and negative genetic concordances\u2014implying that genetic risk factors for AD are associated with higher and lower blood levels\u2014for several immune markers and were able to relate some of these results to the literature. Our results imply that genetic risk factors for AD also affect specific immune marker levels, which may be leveraged to develop novel treatment strategies for AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12060865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T23:59:55Z","timestamp":1623023995000},"page":"865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Shared Genetic Etiology between Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Blood Levels of Specific Cytokines and Growth Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3679-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"van der Linden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6085-0400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ward","family":"De Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"Poelmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission","volume":"396","author":"Livingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Patterson, C. (2018). 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