{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:57:40Z","timestamp":1778770660825,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU FP7, BARD1 Life Sciences Limited","award":["no number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynaecological cancer. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor chances for successful treatment. An accurate blood test for the early detection of OC could reduce the mortality of this disease. Methods: Autoantibody reactivity to 20 epitopes of BARD1 and concentration of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) were assessed in 480 serum samples of OC patients and healthy controls. Autoantibody reactivity and CA125 were also tested for 261 plasma samples of OC with or without mutations in BRCA1\/2, BARD1, or other predisposing genes, and healthy controls. Lasso statistic regression was applied to measurements to develop an algorithm for discrimination between OC and controls. Findings and interpretation: Measurement of autoantibody binding to a number of BARD1 epitopes combined with CA125 could distinguish OC from healthy controls with high accuracy. This BARD1-CA125 test was more accurate than measurements of BARD1 autoantibody or CA125 alone for all OC stages and menopausal status. A BARD1-CA125-based test is expected to work equally well for average-risk women and high-risk women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). Although these results are promising, further data on well-characterised clinical samples shall be used to confirm the potential of the BARD1-CA125 test for ovarian cancer screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12070969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T04:46:57Z","timestamp":1624596417000},"page":"969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["BARD1 Autoantibody Blood Test for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maxim","family":"Pilyugin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7015-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Ratajska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80210 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2376-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Stukan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gdynia Oncology Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, 81519 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Concin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Zeillinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irmgard","family":"Irminger-Finger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"BARD1 Life Sciences Limited, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2018-000016","article-title":"Ovarian cancer: Screening and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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