{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:43:48Z","timestamp":1787028228799,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a prevalent and important spine disorder in the pediatric age group. An increased family tendency was observed for a long time, but the underlying genetic mechanism was uncertain. In 1999, Dr. Yves Cotrel founded the Cotrel Foundation in the Institut de France, which supported collaboration of international researchers to work together to better understand the etiology of AIS. This new concept of AIS as a complex trait evolved in this setting among researchers who joined the annual Cotrel meetings. It is now over a decade since the first proposal of the complex trait genetic model for AIS. Here, we review in detail the vast information about the genetic and environmental factors in AIS pathogenesis gathered to date. More importantly, new insights into AIS etiology were brought to us through new research data under the perspective of a complex trait. Hopefully, future research directions may lead to better management of AIS, which has a tremendous impact on affected adolescents in terms of both physical growth and psychological development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12071033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T21:55:52Z","timestamp":1625176552000},"page":"1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Decade in Review after Idiopathic Scoliosis Was First Called a Complex Trait\u2014A Tribute to the Late Dr. Yves Cotrel for His Support in Studies of Etiology of Scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson L. S.","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KIZ\/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Biostatistical Computing Laboratory, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1506-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Dobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dobbs Clubfoot Center, Paley Orthopedic and Spine Institute, West Palm Beach, FL 33401, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Gurnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2427-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. P.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack C. Y.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Hadley-Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80012, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, May 04). G\u00e9n\u00e9tique\u2014Les projets soutenus. Fond. Yves Cotrel. Inst. Fr.. 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