{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:11:39Z","timestamp":1784304699491,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and literature suggests that genetics and lifestyle\/environmental factors may play a key role in the triggering of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of a 12-Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) polygenic risk score (PRS) in combination with already established PD-environmental\/lifestyle factors. Methods: Genotypic and lifestyle\/environmental data on 235 PD-patients and 464 controls were obtained from a previous study carried out in the Cypriot population. A PRS was calculated for each individual. Univariate logistic-regression analysis was used to assess the association of PRS and each risk factor with PD-status. Stepwise-regression analysis was used to select the best predictive model for PD combining genetic and lifestyle\/environmental factors. Results: The 12-SNPs PRS was significantly increased in PD-cases compared to controls. Furthermore, univariate analyses showed that age, head injury, family history, depression, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were significantly associated with PD-status. Stepwise-regression suggested that a model which includes PRS and seven other independent lifestyle\/environmental factors is the most predictive of PD in our population. Conclusions: These results suggest an association between both genetic and environmental factors and PD, and highlight the potential for the use of PRS in combination with the classical risk factors for risk prediction of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12081278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T21:47:52Z","timestamp":1629668872000},"page":"1278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prediction of Parkinson\u2019s Disease Risk Based on Genetic Profile and Established Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Paraskevi P.","family":"Chairta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5636-0799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hadjisavvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4214-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea N.","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Loizidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristia","family":"Yiangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana A.","family":"Demetriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2408, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiolanda P.","family":"Christou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Pantziaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"},{"name":"The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Michailidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"},{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Zamba-Papanicolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"},{"name":"The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0978-z","article-title":"Parkinson disease polygenic risk score is associated with Parkinson disease status and age at onset but not with \u03b1-synuclein cerebrospinal fluid levels","volume":"17","author":"Ibanez","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135718","article-title":"Molecular Pathophysiology of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"28","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. 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