{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T06:24:48Z","timestamp":1772259888928,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) are characterized by an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interfering with the resolution of inflammation. Due to the crucial role of cytokines, new insights into their profiles in UC and CD would help to improve our understanding of pathogenesis and enable the development of new treatment modalities. We provide an expression profile of cytokines in UC and CD, using bioinformatics approach, and experimental validation of expression of the selected genes. We retrieved data and analyzed the cytokine gene expression profiles of UC and CD. From ten genes with inverse expression, common to CD and UC, BMP8B, LEFTY1 and INSL5 were selected for gene expression experimental validation. Experimentally, BMP8B and INSL5 were down-regulated in both CD and UC but followed the bioinformatics trend. The expression of genes LEFTY1 and BMP8B was statistically significant when comparing UC and CD in colon and the expression of gene LEFTY1 showed statistical significance when CD in ileum and colon were compared. Using the bioinformatics approach and experimental validation, we found differences in expression profiles between UC and CD for INSL5, LEFTY1 and BMP8B. These three promising candidate genes need to be further explored at different levels, such as DNA methylation and protein expression, to provide more evidence on their potential diagnostic role in CD and UC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12101477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T09:59:15Z","timestamp":1632391155000},"page":"1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expression of Cytokine-Coding Genes BMP8B, LEFTY1 and INSL5 Could Distinguish between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1300-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da\u0161a Jev\u0161inek","family":"Skok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova Ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7575-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Hauptman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2391-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miha","family":"Jerala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6866-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Zidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1132","article-title":"The immunological and genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"3","author":"Bouma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. 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