{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T03:25:55Z","timestamp":1771644355322,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRF1142962; GNT1116360; GNT1188694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRF1142962; GNT1116360; GNT1188694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001108","name":"Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013805","name":"Retina Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Saleeba Family","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]},{"name":"Miocevich Family","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014834","name":"McCusker Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hogg Family","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retinitis pigmentosa 11 (RP11) is caused by dominant mutations in PRPF31, however a significant proportion of mutation carriers do not develop retinopathy. Here, we investigated the relationship between CNOT3 polymorphism, MSR1 repeat copy number and disease penetrance in RP11 patients and non-penetrant carriers (NPCs). We further characterized PRPF31 and CNOT3 expression in fibroblasts from eight RP11 patients and one NPC from a family carrying the c.1205C&gt;T variant. Retinal organoids (ROs) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from RP11 patients, an NPC and a control subject. All RP11 patients were homozygous for the 3-copy MSR1 repeat in the PRPF31 promoter, while 3\/5 NPCs carried a 4-copy MSR1 repeat. The CNOT3 rs4806718 genotype did not correlate with disease penetrance. PRFP31 expression declined with age in adult cadaveric retina. PRPF31 and CNOT3 expression was reduced in RP11 fibroblasts, RO and RPE compared with controls. Both RP11 and NPC RPE displayed shortened primary cilia compared with controls, however a subpopulation of cells with normal cilia lengths was present in NPC RPE monolayers. Our results indicate that RP11 non-penetrance is associated with the inheritance of a 4-copy MSR1 repeat, but not with CNOT3 polymorphisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12101542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T21:38:09Z","timestamp":1632865089000},"page":"1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Determinants of Disease Penetrance in PRPF31-Associated Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"McLenachan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janya","family":"Grainok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6958-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shang-Chih","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4121-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khine","family":"Zaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alanis","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-6406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danial","family":"Roshandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Yoon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael C.","family":"Heath Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8055-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary S.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina M.","family":"Lamey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terri L.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"De Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8632-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sue","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2809-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fred K.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2021.1913610","article-title":"Inherited retinal diseases are the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population in 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Genet."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/12\/10\/1542\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:06:58Z","timestamp":1760166418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/12\/10\/1542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["genes12101542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes12101542","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]}}}