{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:26:11Z","timestamp":1782311171405,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016 to KI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016 to KI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["18K06940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K06940"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009665","name":"Vehicle Racing Commemorative Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017 to KI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 to KI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Fund for the Promotion of Scientific Research","award":["to KI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["to KI"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Down syndrome (DS), also known as trisomy 21, is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability. Although the mechanism remains unknown, delayed brain development is assumed to be involved in DS intellectual disability. Analyses with human with DS and mouse models have shown that defects in embryonic cortical neurogenesis may lead to delayed brain development. Cre-loxP-mediated chromosomal engineering has allowed the generation of a variety of mouse models carrying various partial Mmu16 segments. These mouse models are useful for determining genotype\u2013phenotype correlations and identifying dosage-sensitive genes involved in the impaired neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize several candidate genes and pathways that have been linked to defective cortical neurogenesis in DS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12101598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T21:45:32Z","timestamp":1633988732000},"page":"1598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genes Associated with Disturbed Cerebral Neurogenesis in the Embryonic Brain of Mouse Models of Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-7218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiichi","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.909","article-title":"Down\u2019s syndrome: Is there a decreased population of neurons?","volume":"34","author":"Ross","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Brain growth in Down syndrome subjects 15 to 22 weeks of gestational age and birth to 60 months","volume":"4","author":"Wisniewski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. 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