{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:24:15Z","timestamp":1792801455464,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOR2488, TR-CRC134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR2488, TR-CRC134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial disorder caused by the interplay of both genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are one way to aggregate the effects of a large number of genetic variants upon the risk for a disease like PD in a single quantity. However, reassessment of the performance of a given PRS in independent data sets is a precondition for establishing the PRS as a valid tool to this end. We studied a previously proposed PRS for PD in a separate genetic data set, comprising 1914 PD cases and 4464 controls, and were able to replicate its ability to differentiate between cases and controls. We also assessed theoretically the prognostic value of the PD-PRS, i.e., its ability to predict the development of PD in later life for healthy individuals. As it turned out, the PD-PRS alone can be expected to perform poorly in this regard. Therefore, we conclude that the PD-PRS could serve as an important research tool, but that meaningful PRS-based prognosis of PD at an individual level is not feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12121859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T02:46:08Z","timestamp":1637721968000},"page":"1859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Validity and Prognostic Value of a Polygenic Risk Score for Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1635-4247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Koch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn-Hergen","family":"Laabs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Luebeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"Kasten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva-Juliane","family":"Vollstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Becktepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Br\u00fcggemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike M.","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Kuhlenb\u00e4umer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2544-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Lieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and PopGen Biobank, Kiel University, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brit","family":"Mollenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany"},{"name":"Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, 34128 Kassel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Neis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Midwifery Science, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Trenkwalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, 34128 Kassel, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Sch\u00e4ffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7335-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Usnich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wittig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-6465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inke R.","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Luebeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5121-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Lohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Krawczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus 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