{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:41:10Z","timestamp":1790959270290,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":209,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disorder that leads to long-term functional and cognitive impairment and greatly reduces life expectancy. Early genetic studies focused on tracking variations in genome-wide DNA sequences discovered several polymorphisms and novel susceptibility genes associated with AD. However, despite the numerous risk factors already identified, there is still no fully satisfactory explanation for the mechanisms underlying the onset of the disease. Also, as with other complex human diseases, the causes of low heritability are unclear. Epigenetic mechanisms, in which changes in gene expression do not depend on changes in genotype, have attracted considerable attention in recent years and are key to understanding the processes that influence age-related changes and various neurological diseases. With the recent use of massive sequencing techniques, methods for studying epigenome variations in AD have also evolved tremendously, allowing the discovery of differentially expressed disease traits under different conditions and experimental settings. This is important for understanding disease development and for unlocking new potential AD therapies. In this work, we outline the genomic and epigenomic components involved in the initiation and development of AD and identify potentially effective therapeutic targets for disease control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12121959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T02:07:18Z","timestamp":1639102038000},"page":"1959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Advances in Genetics and Epigenetic Alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Notion for Therapeutic Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0701-8564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Rabaneda-Bueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 37005 \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, Czech Republic"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, James Clerk Maxwell Building, The King\u2019s Buildings Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Mena-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda del Envejecimiento, Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n B\u00e1sica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatr\u00eda, Mexico City 10200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Torres-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda Demogr\u00e1fica y Determinantes Sociales, Instituto Nacional de Geriatr\u00eda, Mexico City 10200, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5690-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norma","family":"Torres-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora Magdalena","family":"Torres-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00434-3","article-title":"Triple-Transgenic Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease with Plaques and Tangles: Intracellular A\u03b2 and Synaptic Dysfunction","volume":"39","author":"Oddo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2511","article-title":"Microglial Cx3cr1 Knockout Prevents Neuron Loss in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Fuhrmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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