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Crop wild relatives (CWR) may provide a source of novel genes potentially important for re-gaining climate resilience. Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal crop with wild relatives that are endemic to Australia. Sorghum bicolor is cyanogenic, but the cyanogenic status of wild Sorghum species is not well known. In this study, leaves of wild species endemic in Australia are screened for the presence of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin. The direct measurement of dhurrin content and the potential for dhurrin-derived HCN release (HCNp) showed that all the tested Australian wild species were essentially phenotypically acyanogenic. The unexpected low dhurrin content may reflect the variable and generally nutrient-poor environments in which they are growing in nature. Genome sequencing of six CWR and PCR amplification of the CYP79A1 gene from additional species showed that a high conservation of key amino acids is required for correct protein function and dhurrin synthesis, pointing to the transcriptional regulation of the cyanogenic phenotype in wild sorghum as previously shown in elite sorghum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13010140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T12:34:04Z","timestamp":1642163644000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cyanogenesis in the Sorghum Genus: From Genotype to Phenotype"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9500-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Cowan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3252-3119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birger Lindberg","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2452-7275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Grains Genebank, Agriculture Victoria, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9573-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2754-3518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Crocoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DynaMo Center, Section for Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-9026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnelo","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4060-0292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-6982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Blomstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4756-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roslyn M.","family":"Gleadow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err179","article-title":"Exploiting the engine of C4 photosynthesis","volume":"62","author":"Sage","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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