{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:23:39Z","timestamp":1785151419399,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine condition in women in India. Gut microbiome alterations were shown to be involved in PCOS, yet it is remarkably understudied in Indian women who have a higher incidence of PCOS as compared to other ethnic populations. During the regional PCOS screening program among young women, we recruited 19 drug naive women with PCOS and 20 control women at the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir, North India. We profiled the gut microbiome in faecal samples by 16S rRNA sequencing and included 40\/58 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected in at least 1\/3 of the subjects with relative abundance (RA) \u2265 0.1%. We compared the RAs at a family\/genus level in PCOS\/non-PCOS groups and their correlation with 33 metabolic and hormonal factors, and corrected for multiple testing, while taking the variation in day of menstrual cycle at sample collection, age and BMI into account. Five genera were significantly enriched in PCOS cases: Sarcina, Megasphaera, and previously reported for PCOS Bifidobacterium, Collinsella and Paraprevotella confirmed by different statistical models. At the family level, the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was enriched, whereas Peptococcaceae was decreased among cases. We observed increased relative abundance of Collinsella and Paraprevotella with higher fasting blood glucose levels, and Paraprevotella and Alkalibacterium with larger hip, waist circumference, weight, and Peptococcaceae with lower prolactin levels. We also detected a novel association between Eubacterium and follicle-stimulating hormone levels and between Bifidobacterium and alkaline phosphatase, independently of the BMI of the participants. Our report supports that there is a relationship between gut microbiome composition and PCOS with links to specific reproductive health metabolic and hormonal predictors in Indian women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13020379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:18:05Z","timestamp":1645431485000},"page":"379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Bifidobacterium Is Enriched in Gut Microbiome of Kashmiri Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7912-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saqib","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika A.","family":"Kaakinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harmen","family":"Draisma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liudmila","family":"Zudina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7649-6749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd A.","family":"Ganie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aafia","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190011, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanna","family":"Balkhiyarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George S.","family":"Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9991-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paris","family":"Vogazianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4710, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7295-6587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Shammas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AVVA Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Limassol 4710, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9292-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Selvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5789-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athos","family":"Antoniades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4710, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7546-0867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayse","family":"Demirkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1624-7457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga","family":"Prokopenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"},{"name":"Laboratory UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group (2004). 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