{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:58:21Z","timestamp":1787828301985,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1804284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1804284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gout is a disease that manifests itself after decades of following a high-purine diet, with excessive alcohol consumption assumed to be one of the main contributors to the development of the disease. This study performs a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine whether alcohol consumption causally affects the risk of developing both hyperuricemia and gout. The results indicate that genetically predicted drinks consumed per week have no causal effect on neither the risk of gout (p = 0.35), nor serum uric acid levels (p = 0.73). For MR analysis in the other direction, genetic risk of gout was significantly associated with drinks per week (p = 0.03). Furthermore, the results of the MR analysis were verified in a cohort of individuals diagnosed with hyperuricemia and gout, comprising of alcohol-consuming and alcohol-abstaining subgroups. When split by alcohol status, the serum uric acid levels failed to show a significant difference in both gout (p = 0.92) and hyperuricemia (p = 0.23) subgroups. Overall, the results suggest that increased alcohol consumption does not play a causal role in the development of gout.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13040557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T14:55:35Z","timestamp":1647960935000},"page":"557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Gout: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ali Alamdar Shah","family":"Syed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aamir","family":"Fahira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangzhen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2259-5522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1710-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongyong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0115-y","article-title":"Gout (Primer)","volume":"5","author":"Dalbeth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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