{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:28:36Z","timestamp":1787243316404,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although high altitude training has been increasingly popular among endurance athletes, the molecular and cellular bases of this adaptation remain poorly understood. We aimed to define the underlying physiological changes and screen for potential biomarkers of adaptation using transcriptional profiling of whole blood. Seven elite female speed skaters were profiled on the 18th day of high-altitude adaptation. Whole blood RNA-seq before and after an intense 1 h skating bout was used to measure gene expression changes associated with exercise. In order to identify the genes specifically regulated at high altitudes, we have leveraged the data from eight previously published microarray datasets studying blood expression changes after exercise at sea level. Using cell type-specific signatures, we were able to deconvolute changes of cell type abundance from individual gene expression changes. Among these were PHOSPHO1, with a known role in erythropoiesis, and MARC1 with a role in endogenic NO metabolism. We find that platelet and erythrocyte counts uniquely respond to altitude exercise, while changes in neutrophils represent a more generic marker of intense exercise. Publicly available data from both single cell atlases and exercise-related blood profiling dramatically increases the value of whole blood RNA-seq for the dynamic evaluation of physiological changes in an athlete\u2019s body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13040574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:05:18Z","timestamp":1648166718000},"page":"574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["RNA Sequencing of Whole Blood Defines the Signature of High Intensity Exercise at Altitude in Elite Speed Skaters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7465-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey S.","family":"Glotov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biobanking and Genome Medicine, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9-11, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Division of Genome Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya 3, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2166-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina E.","family":"Zelenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GENUD Research Group, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena S.","family":"Vashukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genome Medicine, D.O. 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Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya 3, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yury A.","family":"Barbitoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genome Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya 3, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Bioinformatics Institute, Kantemirovskaya St., 2A, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0091-2224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg S.","family":"Glotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genome Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya 3, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey M.","family":"Sarana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City Hospital #40, Sestroretsk, Borisov Str., 9, 197706 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9-11, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey G.","family":"Shcherbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City Hospital #40, Sestroretsk, Borisov Str., 9, 197706 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9-11, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariya A.","family":"Rozina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian Skating Union, Luzhnetskaya nab., 8, Office 230, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Gogotova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian Skating Union, Luzhnetskaya nab., 8, Office 230, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2750-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Predeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Institute, Kantemirovskaya St., 2A, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-015-0463-4","article-title":"Effects of Exercise on Gene Expression of Inflammatory Markers in Human Peripheral Blood Cells: A Systematic Review","volume":"9","author":"Gjevestad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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