{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:09:38Z","timestamp":1775560178554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61901063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19YJCZH120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19YJCZH120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CE20205042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE20205042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences","award":["61901063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901063"]}]},{"name":"MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences","award":["19YJCZH120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19YJCZH120"]}]},{"name":"MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences","award":["CE20205042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE20205042"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Changzhou","award":["61901063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901063"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Changzhou","award":["19YJCZH120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19YJCZH120"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Changzhou","award":["CE20205042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE20205042"]}]},{"name":"Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province","award":["61901063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61901063"]}]},{"name":"Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province","award":["19YJCZH120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19YJCZH120"]}]},{"name":"Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province","award":["CE20205042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE20205042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Voxel-based morphometry provides an opportunity to study Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) at a subtle level. Therefore, identifying the important brain voxels that can classify AD, early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and healthy control (HC) and studying the role of these voxels in AD will be crucial to improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanism of AD. Combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging and gene information, we proposed a novel feature construction method and a novel genetic multi-kernel support vector machine (SVM) method to mine important features for AD detection. Specifically, to amplify the differences among AD, EMCI and HC groups, we used the eigenvalues of the top 24 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in a p-value matrix of 24 genes associated with AD for feature construction. Furthermore, a genetic multi-kernel SVM was established with the resulting features. The genetic algorithm was used to detect the optimal weights of 3 kernels and the multi-kernel SVM was used after training to explore the significant features. By analyzing the significance of the features, we identified some brain regions affected by AD, such as the right superior frontal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. The findings proved the good performance and generalization of the proposed model. Particularly, significant susceptibility genes associated with AD were identified, such as CSMD1, RBFOX1, PTPRD, CDH13 and WWOX. Some significant pathways were further explored, such as the calcium signaling pathway (corrected p-value = 1.35 \u00d7 10\u22126) and cell adhesion molecules (corrected p-value = 5.44 \u00d7 10\u22124). The findings offer new candidate abnormal brain features and demonstrate the contribution of these features to AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13050837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T08:04:21Z","timestamp":1651997061000},"page":"837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Feature Fusion and Detection in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Using a Novel Genetic Multi-Kernel SVM Based on MRI Imaging and Gene Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5150-6456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianglian","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingpeng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3220-5820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2005.01.006","article-title":"Genetic association studies of complex traits: Design and analysis issues","volume":"573","author":"Hirschhorn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. 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