{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:55:49Z","timestamp":1784332549437,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HeMoPe (Hellenic Society for Molecular Medicine and Personalized Diagnostics and Treatment)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cellular senescence (CS) is a major homeostatic biological process, which plays a key role in normal tissue development and provides protection from stressful cell insults. The role of CS in mammary-gland development and breast cancer is not well understood. While there is a lack of experimental data on the role of CS in the development of the pre-pubertal mammary gland, there is evidence for a biphasic senescence response in adult normal-mammary-epithelial cells, where the bypass of the first senescence barrier (M0) seems to be a key step in the development of premalignant lesions, with genetic abnormalities that resemble in situ breast carcinoma. Further, there is accumulating evidence for the role of cellular senescence in breast-cancer response, regarding treatment and patient outcome. Here, we review the current literature on cellular senescence, in epithelial-mammary cells, breast-cancer cells, and breast-tumor-microenvironment-resident cells. Furthermore, we discuss its putative role in breast-cancer response, regarding treatment and disease progression. In addition, we provide preliminary evidence of CS in breast-cancer-microenvironment cells, such as tumor-associated fibroblasts and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, by employing the novel GL13 lipofuscin stain, as a marker of cellular senescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13060994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T03:33:18Z","timestamp":1654054398000},"page":"994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cellular Senescence in Normal Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer. Implications for Cancer Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chaido","family":"Sirinian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Peroukidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panarkadikon General Hospital, 221 00 Tripolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Kriegsmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Chaniotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelos","family":"Koutras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7319-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Kriegsmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasios D.","family":"Papanastasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Rosen, P.P. 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