{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:54:34Z","timestamp":1783698874319,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP-2014-09-4289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2014-09-4289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex trauma-related disorder, the etiology and underlying molecular mechanisms of which are still unclear and probably involve different (epi)genetic and environmental factors. Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that has been associated with several pathophysiological states, including inflammation and PTSD. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1\u03b1 (HNF1A) is a transcriptional regulator of many genes involved in the inflammatory processes, and it has been identified as master regulator of plasma protein glycosylation. The aim of this study was to determine the association between N-glycan levels in plasma and immunoglobulin G, methylation at four CpG positions in the HNF1A gene, HNF1A antisense RNA 1 (HNF1A-AS1), rs7953249 and HNF1A rs735396 polymorphisms in a total of 555 PTSD and control subjects. We found significant association of rs7953249 and rs735396 polymorphisms, as well as HNF1A gene methylation at the CpG3 site, with highly branched, galactosylated and sialyated plasma N-glycans, mostly in patients with PTSD. HNF1A-AS1 rs7953249 polymorphism was also associated with PTSD; however, none of the polymorphisms were associated with HNF1A gene methylation. These results indicate a possible regulatory role of the investigated HNF1A polymorphisms with respect to the abundance of complex plasma N-glycans previously associated with proinflammatory response, which could contribute to the clinical manifestation of PTSD and its comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13061063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T23:50:14Z","timestamp":1655250614000},"page":"1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genetic and Epigenetic Association of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1\u03b1 with Glycosylation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9125-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucija","family":"Tudor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Konjevod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordana","family":"Nedic Erjavec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3113-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matea","family":"Nikolac Perkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzana","family":"Uzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kozumplik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlatka","family":"Zoldos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordan","family":"Lauc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glycobiology Laboratory, Genos Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6200-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dubravka","family":"Svob Strac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nela","family":"Pivac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tudor, L., Nedic Erjavec, G., Nikolac Perkovic, M., Konjevod, M., Svob Strac, D., Uzun, S., Kozumplik, O., Jovanovic, T., Lauc, G., and Pivac, N. (2019). N-glycomic Profile in Combat Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00637"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.07.014","article-title":"Metabolomic and glycomic findings in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"88","author":"Konjevod","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15057","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.57","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"1","author":"Yehuda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2014.11.002","article-title":"Comorbidities with PTSD among combat veterans; 15 years postwar analysis","volume":"15","author":"Britvic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e320","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.93","article-title":"N-glycosylation profiling of plasma provides evidence for accelerated physiological aging in post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"3","author":"Morath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"32","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: From diagnosis to prevention","volume":"5","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.08.021","article-title":"An overview of posttraumatic stress disorder genetic studies by analyzing and integrating genetic data into genetic database PTSDgene","volume":"83","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.04.019","article-title":"Neuroimaging genetic approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"284","author":"Lebois","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1039\/c0mb00067a","article-title":"Protein glycosylation\u2014An evolutionary crossroad between genes and environment","volume":"6","author":"Lauc","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.019","article-title":"Glycosylation in cellular mechanisms of health and disease","volume":"126","author":"Ohtsubo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a005371","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005371","article-title":"Golgi glycosylation and human inherited diseases","volume":"3","author":"Freeze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1039\/B910377E","article-title":"Complex genetic regulation of protein glycosylation","volume":"6","author":"Lauc","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0129-4","article-title":"Glycosylation in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Reily","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4476","DOI":"10.1021\/pr1002356","article-title":"Identification of N-glycosylation changes in the CSF and serum in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Stanta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.082","article-title":"Alterations of the serum N-glycan profile in female patients with Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"234","author":"Boeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17500-0","article-title":"Blood plasma\/IgG N-glycome biosignatures associated with major depressive disorder symptom severity and the antidepressant response","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31234","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31234","article-title":"Changes in total plasma and serum N-glycome composition and patient-controlled analgesia after major abdominal surgery","volume":"6","author":"Gudelj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.7.2.18918","article-title":"Epigenetic silencing of HNF1A associates with changes in the composition of the human plasma N-glycome","volume":"7","author":"Zoldos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauc, G., Essafi, A., Huffman, J.E., Hayward, C., Knezevic, A., Kattla, J.J., Polasek, O., Gornik, O., Vitart, V., and Abrahams, J.L. (2010). Genomics meets glycomics-the first GWAS study of human N-Glycome identifies HNF1\u03b1 as a master regulator of plasma protein fucosylation. PLoS Genet., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001256"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9637","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz709","article-title":"Antagonistic and synergistic epigenetic modulation using orthologous CRISPR\/dCas9-based modular system","volume":"47","author":"Josipovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2020.100891","article-title":"N-glycans as functional effectors of genetic and epigenetic disease risk","volume":"79","author":"Stambuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), American Psychiatric Association. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1029","article-title":"Clinician-administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research","volume":"13","author":"Weathers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","article-title":"A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297915070123","article-title":"High-throughput glycomics: Optimization of sample preparation","volume":"80","author":"Akmacic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Mosc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M111010090","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M111.010090","article-title":"High throughput isolation and glycosylation analysis of IgG-variability and heritability of the IgG glycome in three isolated human populations","volume":"10","author":"Pucic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1021\/pr401092y","article-title":"Association of N-Glycosylation with Breast Carcinoma and Systemic Features Using High-Resolution Quantitative UPLC","volume":"13","author":"Saldova","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.08.014","article-title":"The association between galactosylation of immunoglobulin G and body mass index","volume":"48","author":"Kristic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psych."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cws062","article-title":"Changes in plasma and IgG N-glycome during childhood and adolescence","volume":"22","author":"Pucic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth457","article-title":"Haploview: Analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps","volume":"21","author":"Barrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069424","article-title":"The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome","volume":"296","author":"Gabriel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: A tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses","volume":"81","author":"Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2015). A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature, 526, 68\u201374.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl147","article-title":"Isomers of the TCF1 gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 \u03b1 show differential expression in the pancreas and define the relationship between mutation position and clinical phenotype in monogenic diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Harries","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.03.017","article-title":"Polymorphisms of the HNF1A gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 \u03b1 are associated with C-reactive protein","volume":"82","author":"Reiner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-011-9348-y","article-title":"Genome-wide association with C-reactive protein levels in CLHNS: Evidence for the CRP and HNF1A loci and their interaction with exposure to a pathogenic environment","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Real Hernandez, L.M., Fan, J., Johnson, M.H., and Gonzalez de Mejia, E. (2015). Berry Phenolic Compounds Increase Expression of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1\u03b1 (HNF-1\u03b1) in Caco-2 and Normal Colon Cells Due to High Affinities with Transcription and Dimerization Domains of HNF-1\u03b1. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138768"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/384458a0","article-title":"Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha gene in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY1)","volume":"384","author":"Yamagata","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/384455a0","article-title":"Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3)","volume":"384","author":"Yamagata","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.609","article-title":"Twelve type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci identified through large-scale association analysis","volume":"42","author":"Voight","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.03.015","article-title":"Loci related to metabolic-syndrome pathways including LEPR, HNF1A, IL6R, and GCKR associate with plasma C-reactive protein: The women\u2019s genome health study","volume":"82","author":"Ridker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.005","article-title":"Association study of HNF1A polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in the Moroccan population","volume":"11","author":"Morjane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.954","article-title":"Genetic loci associated with C-reactive protein levels and risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"302","author":"Elliott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.108.839506","article-title":"Common coding variants of the HNF1A gene are associated with multiple cardiovascular risk phenotypes in community-based samples of younger and older European-American adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study and The Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"2","author":"Reiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4352","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-0124","article-title":"Genome-wide \u201cpleiotropy scan\u201d identifies HNF1A region as a novel pancreatic cancer susceptibility locus","volume":"71","author":"Pierce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"671","article-title":"Association of a functional intronic polymorphism rs735396 in HNF1A gene with the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in Han Chinese population","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.483","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of ulcerative colitis identifies three new susceptibility loci, including the HNF4A region","volume":"41","author":"Barrett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.291","article-title":"Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia","volume":"41","author":"Kathiresan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.09.012","article-title":"Population-based genome-wide association studies reveal six loci influencing plasma levels of liver enzymes","volume":"83","author":"Yuan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14020263","article-title":"Association of CRP genetic variation and CRP level with elevated PTSD symptoms and physiological responses in a civilian population with high levels of trauma","volume":"172","author":"Michopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.02.007","article-title":"Metabolism, Metabolomics, and Inflammation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"83","author":"Mellon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, T.D., Lee, S., and Yoon, S. (2020). Inflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Potential Correlates of PTSD with a Neurological Perspective. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020107"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0422","article-title":"Plasma fucosylated glycans and C-reactive protein as biomarkers of HNF1A-MODY in young adult\u2013onset nonautoimmune diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Juszczak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4515-9","article-title":"Increased plasma N-glycome complexity is associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"61","author":"Keser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5000","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr414","article-title":"Polymorphisms in B3GAT1, SLC9A9 and MGAT5 are associated with variation within the human plasma N-glycome of 3533 European adults","volume":"20","author":"Huffman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"2062","article-title":"Defining the genetic control of human blood plasma N-glycome using genome-wide association study","volume":"28","author":"Sharapov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00336-8","article-title":"Branching and elongation with lactosaminoglycan chains of N-linked oligosaccharides result in a shift toward termination with \u03b1 2->3-linked rather than with \u03b1 2->6-linked sialic acid residues","volume":"363","author":"Nemansky","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2018.08.005","article-title":"Plasma protein N-glycan signatures of type 2 diabetes","volume":"1862","author":"Dotz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0241-6","article-title":"Fine-mapping type 2 diabetes loci to single-variant resolution using high-density imputation and islet-specific epigenome maps","volume":"50","author":"Mahajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7455","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7059","article-title":"Identification of novel plasma glycosylationassociated markers of aging","volume":"7","author":"Catera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2018.07.009","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G glycosylation in aging and diseases","volume":"333","author":"Gudelj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, H., Leng, S., Liang, H., Zheng, Y., and Chen, L. (2016). Association study of C-reactive protein associated gene HNF1A with ischemic stroke in Chinese population. BMC Med. Genet., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-016-0313-3"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-022-00794-0","article-title":"Association of HNF1A gene variants and haplotypes with metabolic syndrome: A case-control study in the Tunisian population and a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Dallali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2414","article-title":"Pathway to diabetes through attenuation of pancreatic \u03b2 cell glycosylation and glucose transport","volume":"17","author":"Ohtsubo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0507-y","article-title":"Promoter methylation of the MGAT3 and BACH2 genes correlates with the composition of the immunoglobulin G glycome in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Klasic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp445","article-title":"Epigenetic profiling of somatic tissues from human autopsy specimens identifies tissue- and individual-specific DNA methylation patterns","volume":"18","author":"Byun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwq051","article-title":"Effects of aging, body mass index, plasma lipid profiles, and smoking on human plasma N-glycans","volume":"20","author":"Knezevic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2008.54","article-title":"Characterizing the glycome of the mammalian immune system","volume":"86","author":"Haslam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suhre, K., Trbojevi\u0107-Akma\u010di\u0107, I., Ugrina, I., Mook-Kanamori, D.O., Spector, T., Graumann, J., Lauc, G., and Falchi, M. (2019). Fine-Mapping of the Human Blood Plasma N-Glycome onto Its Proteome. Metabolites, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9070122"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/6\/1063\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:31:33Z","timestamp":1760139093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/6\/1063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["genes13061063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes13061063","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]}}}