{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:09:46Z","timestamp":1777637386191,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32172704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172704"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31861143012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31861143012"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["340000211260001000431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340000211260001000431"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ASTIP-IAS13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-IAS13"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["AGBMD2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGBMD2020"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Joint Research and Development Project for Animal Breeding","award":["32172704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172704"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Joint Research and Development Project for Animal Breeding","award":["31861143012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31861143012"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Joint Research and Development Project for Animal Breeding","award":["340000211260001000431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340000211260001000431"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Joint Research and Development Project for Animal Breeding","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Joint Research and Development Project for Animal Breeding","award":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Joint Research and Development Project for Animal Breeding","award":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Joint Research and Development Project for Animal Breeding","award":["ASTIP-IAS13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-IAS13"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Joint Research and Development Project for Animal Breeding","award":["AGBMD2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGBMD2020"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["32172704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172704"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["31861143012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31861143012"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["340000211260001000431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340000211260001000431"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["ASTIP-IAS13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-IAS13"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["AGBMD2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGBMD2020"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["32172704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172704"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["31861143012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31861143012"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["340000211260001000431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340000211260001000431"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["ASTIP-IAS13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-IAS13"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["AGBMD2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGBMD2020"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China","award":["32172704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172704"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China","award":["31861143012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31861143012"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China","award":["340000211260001000431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340000211260001000431"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China","award":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China","award":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China","award":["ASTIP-IAS13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-IAS13"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China","award":["AGBMD2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGBMD2020"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design","award":["32172704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172704"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design","award":["31861143012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31861143012"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design","award":["340000211260001000431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340000211260001000431"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design","award":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-YWF-ZYSQ-14"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design","award":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ZDRW202106"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design","award":["ASTIP-IAS13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-IAS13"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design","award":["AGBMD2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGBMD2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The reproduction of sheep is affected by many factors such as light, nutrition and genetics. The Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is an important pathway for sheep reproduction, and changes in HPG axis-related gene expression can affect sheep reproduction. In this study, a model of bilateral ovarian removal and estrogen supplementation (OVX + E2) was applied to screen differentially expressed genes and miRNAs under different photoperiods using whole transcriptome sequencing and reveal the regulatory effects of the photoperiod on the upstream tissues of the HPG axis in sheep. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed in ewe hypothalamus (HYP) and distal pituitary (PD) tissues under short photoperiod 21st day (SP21) and long photoperiod 21st day (LP21). Compared to the short photoperiod, a total of 1813 differential genes (up-regulation 966 and down-regulation 847) and 145 differential miRNAs (up-regulation 73 and down-regulation 72) were identified in the hypothalamus of long photoperiod group. Similarly, 2492 differential genes (up-regulation 1829 and down-regulation 663) and 59 differential miRNAs (up-regulation 49 and down-regulation 10) were identified in the pituitary of long photoperiod group. Subsequently, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differential genes and target genes of differential miRNA were enriched in GnRH, Wnt, ErbB and circadian rhythm pathways associated with reproduction. Combined with sequence complementation and gene expression correlation analysis, several miRNA-mRNA target combinations (e.g., LHB regulated by novel-414) were obtained. Taken together, these results will help to understand the regulatory effect of the photoperiod on the upstream tissues of HPG in sheep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13061091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T10:14:52Z","timestamp":1655633692000},"page":"1091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes and miRNAs in Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland of Sheep under Different Photoperiods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3450-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2159-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5164-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingxing","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00493.x","article-title":"Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep","volume":"14","author":"Matthews","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01178-6","article-title":"PER2 mediates CREB-dependent light induction of the clock gene Per1","volume":"11","author":"Brenna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.9.2734","article-title":"Circadian surfaces and the diversity of possible roles of circadian organization in photoperiodic induction","volume":"69","author":"Pittendrigh","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234152","article-title":"Neurotransmitter switching in the adult brain regulates behavior","volume":"340","author":"Dulcis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.03.1050","article-title":"Genetic Disruption of Circadian Rhythms in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Causes Helplessness, Behavioral Despair, and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice","volume":"80","author":"Landgraf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00470-6","article-title":"Visual deprivation alters development of synaptic function in inner retina after eye opening","volume":"32","author":"Tian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1959","article-title":"Effects of temperature and photoperiod on body mass, energy budget and digestive tract morphology in Pycnonotus sinensis","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.08.025","article-title":"Behavioral and physiological effects of photoperiod-induced migratory state and leptin on a migratory bird, Zonotrichia albicollis: I. Anorectic effects of leptin administration","volume":"174","author":"Cerasale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12955","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12955","article-title":"Melatonin and osmoregulation in fish: A focus on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smoltification","volume":"33","author":"Nisembaum","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1998.7230","article-title":"Effects of photoperiod on the cessation of growth during autumn in male red deer and growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I secretion","volume":"113","author":"Webster","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.06.040","article-title":"Circadian clocks and the measurement of daylength in seasonal reproduction","volume":"349","author":"Ikegami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15293","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2004262117","article-title":"EYES ABSENT and TIMELESS integrate photoperiodic and temperature cues to regulate seasonal physiology in Drosophila","volume":"117","author":"Abrieux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2011.11.003","article-title":"The role of kisspeptin and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone in the seasonal regulation of reproduction in sheep","volume":"43","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R173","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0108","article-title":"The role of kisspeptin neurons in reproduction and metabolism","volume":"238","author":"Harter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1071\/RD17028","article-title":"Molecular cloning and epigenetic change detection of Kiss1 during seasonal reproduction in Chinese indigenous sheep","volume":"30","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, X., Ye, J., Yang, C., Luo, L., Liu, Y., Ding, J., Zhang, Y., Ling, Y., Huang, W., and Zhang, X. (2018). RNA-seq analysis of lncRNA-controlled developmental gene expression during puberty in goat & rat. BMC Genet., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-018-0608-9"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2017","article-title":"Neuroanatomical Framework of the Metabolic Control of Reproduction","volume":"98","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4264","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0366","article-title":"Seasonal morphological changes in the neuro-glial interaction between gonadotropin-releasing hormone nerve terminals and glial endfeet in Japanese quail","volume":"145","author":"Yamamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00019","article-title":"Thyroid hormone and seasonal rhythmicity","volume":"5","author":"Dardente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"73","article-title":"The human hypothalamus: A morpho-functional perspective","volume":"27","author":"Toni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.01.001","article-title":"miRNA expression analysis of the sheep follicle during the prerecruitment, dominant, and mature stages of development under FSH stimulation","volume":"181","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.02.095","article-title":"Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in 2-, 6-, and 12-month-old Small Tail Han Sheep ovaries reveals that oar-miR-432 downregulates RPS6KA1 expression","volume":"710","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2020.03.003","article-title":"An integrated analysis of testis miRNA and mRNA transcriptome reveals important functional miRNA-targets in reproduction traits of roosters","volume":"20","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12459","article-title":"Roles of microRNAs in mammalian reproduction: From the commitment of germ cells to peri-implantation embryos","volume":"94","author":"Reza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.05.197","article-title":"miRNA editing landscape reveals miR-34c regulated spermatogenesis through structure and target change in pig and mouse","volume":"502","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10953","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10953","article-title":"Photoperiod induced the pituitary differential regulation of lncRNAs and mRNAs related to reproduction in sheep","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848144","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.848144","article-title":"Transcriptomic changes of photoperiodic response in the hypothalamus were identified in ovariectomized and estradiol-treated sheep","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747100","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.747100","article-title":"Hypothalamic transcriptome analysis reveals the crucial microRNAs and mRNAs affecting litter size in goats","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1249","article-title":"Environmental control of kisspeptin: Implications for seasonal reproduction","volume":"148","author":"Greives","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di, R., He, J., Song, S., Tian, D., Liu, Q., Liang, X., Ma, Q., Sun, M., Wang, J., and Zhao, W. (2014). Characterization and comparative profiling of ovarian microRNAs during ovine anestrus and the breeding season. BMC Genom., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-899"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5862571","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5862571","article-title":"Neuronal Signal Transduction-Involved Genes in Pig Hypothalamus Affect Feed Efficiency as Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis","volume":"2018","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.04.020","article-title":"Effect of arousing stimuli on circulating corticosterone and the circadian rhythms of luteinizing hormone (LH) surges and locomotor activity in estradiol-treated ovariectomized (ovx + EB) Syrian hamsters","volume":"72","author":"Legan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.03.029","article-title":"Short-day increases in aggression are independent of circulating gonadal steroids in female Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)","volume":"52","author":"Scotti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1613","article-title":"Developmental programming: Postnatal steroids complete prenatal steroid actions to differentially organize the GnRH surge mechanism and reproductive behavior in female sheep","volume":"154","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.04.025","article-title":"Comparative profiling of differentially expressed microRNAs in estrous ovaries of Kazakh sheep in different seasons","volume":"664","author":"Zhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, X., Lu, T., Zhao, Z., Liu, G., Lian, Z., Guo, Y., Sun, B., Liu, D., and Li, Y. (2020). Comprehensive analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs in the ovarian follicles of uniparous and multiple goats at estrus phase. BMC Genom., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6671-4"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2021021","article-title":"Regulation mechanism of miR-494-3p on endometrial receptivity in mice via PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"40","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Dong, C., Yang, J., Li, Y., Feng, J., Wang, B., Zhang, J., and Guo, X. (2021). The Roles of the miRNAome and Transcriptome in the Ovine Ovary Reveal Poor Efficiency in Juvenile Superovulation. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010239"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-2245-0","article-title":"Analysis on DNA sequence of TSHB gene and its association with reproductive seasonality in goats","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633747","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.633747","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes and long non-coding RNAs associated with fecundity in sheep hypothalamus with different FecB genotypes","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12516","article-title":"Expressed microRNA associated with high rate of egg production in chicken ovarian follicles","volume":"48","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-00684-2","article-title":"Myopathies Related to Glycogen Metabolism Disorders","volume":"15","author":"Tarnopolsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732440","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.732440","article-title":"chi-miR-324-3p Regulates Goat Granulosa Cell Proliferation by Targeting DENND1A","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4Shi, J., Gao, Q., Cao, Y., and Fu, J. (2019). Dennd1a, a susceptibility gene for polycystic ovary syndrome, is essential for mouse embryogenesis. Dev. Dyn., 248, 351\u2013362.","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.28"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y.N., Zhang, Y.T., Liu, Q., Shen, S.M., Zou, X., Cao, Y.X., Wang, W.J., Yi, L., Gao, Q., and Yang, W.D. (2020). Association analysis between the tag single nucleotide polymorphisms of DENND1A and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese Han women. BMC Med. Genet., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-019-0945-1"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145867","article-title":"Genetic variations of bovine PCOS-related DENND1A gene identified in GWAS significantly affect female reproductive traits","volume":"802","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.33.20190014","article-title":"Participation of EML6 in the regulation of oocyte meiotic progression in mice","volume":"34","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"145","article-title":"The role of growth hormone (GH), GH-receptor and GH-binding protein in reproduction and ovulation induction","volume":"9","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pediatric Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1720001","article-title":"GH as a co-gonadotropin: The relevance of correlative changes in GH secretion and reproductive state","volume":"172","author":"Hull","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1680001","article-title":"Growth hormone: Roles in female reproduction","volume":"168","author":"Hull","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.54.3.133","article-title":"IGF-I receptor signalling in transformation and differentiation","volume":"54","author":"Valentinis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.11.003","article-title":"Hormonal mechanisms regulating follicular wave dynamics II: Progesterone decreases diameter at follicle selection regardless of whether circulating FSH or LH are decreased or elevated","volume":"143","author":"Ginther","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.02.066","article-title":"Identification of Eya3 and TAC1 as long-day signals in the sheep pituitary","volume":"20","author":"Miedzinska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.211102","article-title":"CREB3L1-mediated functional and structural adaptation of the secretory pathway in hormone-stimulated thyroid cells","volume":"130","author":"Viale","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01726.x","article-title":"Brain oxytocin: A key regulator of emotional and social behaviours in both females and males","volume":"20","author":"Neumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2017","article-title":"The Oxytocin Receptor: From Intracellular Signaling to Behavior","volume":"98","author":"Jurek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.06.004","article-title":"Oxytocin in General Anxiety and Social Fear: A Translational Approach","volume":"79","author":"Neumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12594","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12594","article-title":"Role of oxytocin in parental behaviour","volume":"30","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297921100126","article-title":"Comparative analysis and identification of differentially expressed microRNAs in the hypothalamus of Kazakh sheep exposed to different photoperiod conditions","volume":"86","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biokhimiia"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01141978","article-title":"Signal transduction molecules in the rat pineal organ: Ca2+, pCREB, and ICER","volume":"83","author":"Korf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0742478.x","article-title":"Analyses of signal transduction cascades reveal an essential role of calcium ions for regulation of melatonin biosynthesis in the light-sensitive pineal organ of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"74","author":"Kroeber","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.01296","article-title":"Integrated hypothalamic transcriptome profiling reveals the reproductive roles of mRNAs and miRNAs in sheep","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/35040556","article-title":"Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA","volume":"408","author":"Pasquinelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.18974","article-title":"Evolution of the let-7 microRNA family","volume":"9","author":"Hertel","year":"2012","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.01.003","article-title":"MicroRNA-150 promote apoptosis of ovine ovarian granulosa cells by targeting STAR gene","volume":"127","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5424","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1341-18.2019","article-title":"CAMK2-Dependent Signaling in Neurons Is Essential for Survival","volume":"39","author":"Kool","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"1659","article-title":"Camk2b protects neurons from homocysteine-induced apoptosis with the involvement of HIF-1\u03b1 signal pathway","volume":"7","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2018.08.011","article-title":"Combined experimental and system-level analyses reveal the complex regulatory network of miR-124 during human neurogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Kutsche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.07.020","article-title":"Regulation of cell death in human fetal and adult ovaries\u2014Role of Bok and Bcl-X(L)","volume":"330","author":"Nieminen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2015.1077903","article-title":"Comparative proteomic analysis of primordial follicles from ovaries of immature and aged rats","volume":"61","author":"Govindaraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.11.008","article-title":"An LHX1-regulated transcriptional network controls sleep\/wake coupling and thermal resistance of the central circadian clockworks","volume":"27","author":"Bedont","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.06.076","article-title":"Ancestral TSH mechanism signals summer in a photoperiodic mammal","volume":"18","author":"Hanon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.02.014","article-title":"Relationships between leptin, KiSS-1\/GPR54 expression and TSH secretion from pituitary cells of pubertal ewes in vitro","volume":"105","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12030","article-title":"Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone release into the hypophyseal portal blood of the ewe mirrors both pulsatile and continuous intravenous infusion of kisspeptin: An insight into kisspeptin\u2019s mechanism of action","volume":"25","author":"Caraty","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/6\/1091\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:35:02Z","timestamp":1760139302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/6\/1091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["genes13061091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes13061091","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]}}}