{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:49:31Z","timestamp":1787698171656,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optical neuritis (ON), otherwise known as optical nerve damage, is a term used to describe various environmental and body conditions that lead to optic nerve dysfunction. Neurologists are well aware of conditions that cause optic neuropathy, such as trauma, infections, malnutrition, and various toxins. As optic neuritis is a multifactorial demyelinating or infectious process, genetic predisposition may also influence the progression of optic neuritis. This study aimed to evaluate the association of ON (with and without multiple sclerosis) with APOE alleles and APOE serum levels. We found that the APOE \u03b53\/\u03b53 genotype was statistically less common in the ON group of males than in the control group (p = 0.045). Moreover, the APOE \u03b53\/\u03b53 genotype had a 3.7-fold increase in the odds of ON development in males (OR = 3.698; CI: 1.503\u20139.095; p = 0.004). In contrast, the APOE \u03b53\/\u03b54 genotype had a 4.1-fold decrease in the odds of ON development in males (OR = 0.242; CI: 0.083\u20130.704; p = 0.009). APOE serum levels were statistically significantly higher in the ON group than in the control group (p = 0.042). The APOE \u03b53\/\u03b53 genotype may increase males\u2019 risk of developing ON, while the \u03b53\/\u03b54 genotype may reduce males\u2019 risk of developing ON.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13071188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]],"date-time":"2022-07-02T11:12:35Z","timestamp":1656760355000},"page":"1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association of APOE Serum Levels and APOE \u03b52, \u03b53, and \u03b54 Alleles with Optic Neuritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Liucija","family":"Momkute","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-5568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvita","family":"Vilkeviciute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7469-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greta","family":"Gedvilaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Dubinskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loresa","family":"Kriauciuniene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasa","family":"Liutkeviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Laboratory, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S54131","article-title":"Optic neuritis as an early sign of multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Kale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Brain."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Guier, C.P., and Stokkermans, T.J. 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