{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:40:57Z","timestamp":1781239257849,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31760648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31760648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32160790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The selection and evaluation of high-quality embryos are the key factors affecting in vitro embryo development and pregnancy outcome. The timing of first embryonic cleavage has been considered a positive indicator of the in vitro developmental potential of embryos, while the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, the embryos generated by parthenogenetic activation (PA) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) were monitored and recorded every 2 h and divided into two groups (early cleavage or late cleavage) based on the cleavage rate and blastocyst formation data. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the gene expression pattern of the embryos. We identified 667 and 71 different expression genes (DEGs) in early cleavage and late cleavage porcine PA and IVF embryos, respectively. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the DEGs are mainly enriched in pathways concerning the proteasome, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis, suggesting that severe endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and DNA damage may be the key factors that led to the low development potential of late cleavage embryos. This study provides a theoretical basis for the following application and offers important information about the understanding of the timely manner of porcine embryo development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13071251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T21:00:28Z","timestamp":1658091628000},"page":"1251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["RNA-Seq Reveals the Underlying Molecular Mechanism of First Cleavage Time Affecting Porcine Embryo Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinhui","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Central Nervous Research Institute, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Central Nervous Research Institute, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiquan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuiqing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deshun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3265-540X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingyou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00233-2","article-title":"Oocyte morphology correlates with embryo quality and pregnancy rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"72","author":"Loutradis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertil. 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