{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:36:07Z","timestamp":1777581367669,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81922059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81922059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have identified multiple risk loci, how these loci confer risk of PTSD remains unclear. Through the FUSION pipeline, we integrated two human brain proteome reference datasets (ROS\/MAP and Banner) with the PTSD GWAS dataset, respectively, to conduct a proteome-wide association study (PWAS) analysis. Then two transcriptome reference weights (Rnaseq and Splicing) were applied to a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analysis. Finally, the PWAS and TWAS results were investigated through brain imaging analysis. In the PWAS analysis, 8 and 13 candidate genes were identified in the ROS\/MAP and Banner reference weight groups, respectively. Examples included ADK (pPWAS-ROS\/MAP = 3.00 \u00d7 10\u22125) and C3orf18 (pPWAS-Banner = 7.07 \u00d7 10\u221231). Moreover, the TWAS also detected multiple candidate genes associated with PTSD in two different reference weight groups, including RIMS2 (pTWAS-Splicing = 3.84 \u00d7 10\u22122), CHMP1A (pTWAS-Rnaseq = 5.09 \u00d7 10\u22124), and SIRT5 (pTWAS-Splicing = 4.81 \u00d7 10\u22123). Further comparison of the PWAS and TWAS results in different populations detected the overlapping genes: MADD (pPWAS-Banner = 4.90 \u00d7 10\u22122, pTWAS-Splicing = 1.23 \u00d7 10\u22122) in the total population and GLO1(pPWAS-Banner = 4.89 \u00d7 10\u22123, pTWAS-Rnaseq = 1.41 \u00d7 10\u22123) in females. Brain imaging analysis revealed several different brain imaging phenotypes associated with MADD and GLO1 genes. Our study identified multiple candidate genes associated with PTSD in the proteome and transcriptome levels, which may provide new clues to the pathogenesis of PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13081341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T21:11:05Z","timestamp":1658956265000},"page":"1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Brain Proteome-Wide Association Study Identifies Candidate Genes that Regulate Protein Abundance Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4710-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peilin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2019e","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuyu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiqiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuena","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0527-9250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1339-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)","volume":"25","author":"Battle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Codas"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. 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