{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:34:35Z","timestamp":1765370075836,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Incentive Grant","award":["GGP-2017-033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GGP-2017-033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic protozoan parasite known to affect the human brain. The infection has been associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia; however, the link between the two conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the plasma metabolome of schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia subjects with or without Toxoplasma infection. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Elevation of the \u03b1-hydroxyglutaric acid level and reduced adenosine monophosphate, inosine, hypoxanthine and xanthine were found in the subjects with either toxoplasmosis or schizophrenia alone. These results suggest that purine catabolism is a common metabolic alteration in Toxoplasma infection and schizophrenia. The roles of these metabolites on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in relation to Toxoplasma infection warrant further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13081482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T22:23:13Z","timestamp":1661120593000},"page":"1482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Common Metabolic Alterations in Plasma of Patients with Toxoplasma Infection and Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emelia","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anis Safirah","family":"Mohammad Zahariluddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2130-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalisah","family":"Sharip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4986-5393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulkarnain","family":"Md Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0824-0581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen Kit","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/61435","article-title":"Relationship between toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia: A review","volume":"26","author":"Fuglewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. 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