{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:11:32Z","timestamp":1790745092780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/23\/D\/NZ5\/02606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/23\/D\/NZ5\/02606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","award":["2016\/23\/D\/NZ5\/02606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/23\/D\/NZ5\/02606"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a multifactorial disease with a genetic background. The association of Ladybird Homeobox 1 (LBX1) polymorphisms with IS has been proven in multiple studies. However, the epigenetic mechanisms have not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the LBX1 methylation level in deep paravertebral muscles in order to analyze its association with IS occurrence and\/or IS severity. Fifty-seven IS patients and twenty non-IS patients were examined for the paravertebral muscles\u2019 methylation level of the LBX1 promoter region. There was no significant difference in methylation level within paravertebral muscles between patients vs. controls, except for one CpG site. The comparison of the paravertebral muscles\u2019 LBX1 promoter region methylation level between patients with a major curve angle of \u226470\u00b0 vs. &gt;70\u00b0 revealed significantly higher methylation levels in 17 of 23 analyzed CpG sequences at the convex side of the curvature in patients with a major curve angle of &gt;70\u00b0 for the reverse strand promoter region. The association between LBX1 promoter methylation and IS severity was demonstrated. In patients with severe IS, the deep paravertebral muscles show an asymmetric LBX1 promoter region methylation level, higher at the convex scoliosis side, which reveals the role of locally acting factors in IS progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13091556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:01:31Z","timestamp":1661806891000},"page":"1556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association of LBX1 Gene Methylation Level with Disease Severity in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis: Study on Deep Paravertebral Muscles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5702-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Janusz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopedics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 r. Street 135\/147, 61-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Tok\u0142owicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8781-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Andrusiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9802-374X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kotwicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0810-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kotwicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopedics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 r. Street 135\/147, 61-545 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"371","author":"Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001350","article-title":"The Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","volume":"39","author":"Weinstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2015.58.6.218","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary function and scoliosis severity in idiopathic scoliosis children","volume":"58","author":"Huh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. 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