{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T16:07:17Z","timestamp":1769184437857,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish National Science Center","award":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ5\/02783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/25\/B\/NZ5\/02783"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) results from a complex interplay between the environment, gut microbiota, host genetics, and immunity. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) regulates Th1\/Th2 balance and, thus, the synthesis of cytokines and inflammation. We aimed to analyze the dependence of RUNX3 promoter 2 (P2) methylation level on: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, disease duration, Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI), the Paris classification, and exposure to medications. This multicenter, cross-sectional study recruited hospitalized children with UC. Methylation of RUNX3 P2 was measured with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes in the whole blood DNA. Sixty-four children were enrolled, with a mean age of 14.5 \u00b1 2.8 years. Half of them were female (51.6%), and the average BMI Z-score was \u22120.44 \u00b1 1.14. The mean methylation of RUNX3 P2 was 54.1 \u00b1 13.3%. The methylation level of RUNX3 P2 did not correlate with age, sex, nutritional status, CRP, albumin, PUCAI, or the extent of colitis (Paris E1\u2013E4). RUNX3 P2 methylation did not differ between patients recruited within two and a half months of diagnosis and children who had UC for at least a year. Current or past exposure to biologics, immunosuppressants, or steroids was not associated with RUNX3 P2 methylation. Methylation of RUNX3 promoter 2 in whole blood DNA does not seem to be associated with the characteristics of UC in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13091568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T21:27:17Z","timestamp":1662067637000},"page":"1568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Methylation of RUNX3 Promoter 2 in the Whole Blood of Children with Ulcerative Colitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-2487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Dybska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Krzysztof","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7684-6887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Banaszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Szaflarska-Pop\u0142awska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Function Testing, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2272-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Kierku\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6764-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Kwiecie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5813-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Walkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy117","article-title":"Genome-Wide DNA Methylation in Treatment-Na\u00efve Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"12","author":"Taman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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