{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:42:55Z","timestamp":1765546975381,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The presentation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Hodgkin lymphoma can differ from that of the general population. More specifically, primary bone marrow Hodgkin lymphoma is an uncommon presentation that is more often reported in patients with HIV. Given the many overlapping symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma and HIV as well as HIV-associated infections, diagnosis can be difficult and delayed. We describe a case of primary bone marrow HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) where the initial work-up was inconclusive. Our case demonstrates the importance of early consideration of HLH as well as the need for an early bone marrow biopsy in a cytopenic patient with a fever of unknown origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13091608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T09:51:09Z","timestamp":1662630669000},"page":"1608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Primary Bone Marrow HIV-Associated Hodgkin Lymphoma Complicated by Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5003-3095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binsah","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5739","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.17.970","article-title":"Lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: Clinical presentation and treatment outcome in 100 patients treated within German Hodgkin\u2019s Study Group trials","volume":"23","author":"Haverkamp","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32831a722b","article-title":"HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"4","author":"Carbone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-014-1532-z","article-title":"Primary bone marrow Hodgkin lymphoma in an HIV-negative patient","volume":"99","author":"Dholaria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MP.0000037311.56159.13","article-title":"Isolated bone marrow manifestation of HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Ponzoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol. Off. J. United States Can. Acad. Pathol. Inc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.79.0139","article-title":"Multicenter Phase II Study of Sequential Brentuximab Vedotin and Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine Chemotherapy for Older Patients with Untreated Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"36","author":"Evens","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e459","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.3077","article-title":"HIV-associated primary bone marrow Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: A distinct entity?","volume":"28","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro, J.T., Molt\u00f3, J., Tapia, G., and Ribera, J.M. (2021). Hodgkin Lymphoma in People Living with HIV. 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Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0619","article-title":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A potentially underrecognized association with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, severe sepsis, and septic shock in adults","volume":"140","author":"Raschke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2021.2010054","article-title":"Serum ferritin levels in previously untreated classical Hodgkin lymphoma: Correlations and prognostic significance","volume":"63","author":"Karakatsanis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23911","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of adult patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"90","author":"Otrock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00071","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated T and NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Diseases","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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Discover","volume":"13","author":"Noveihed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncology"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/9\/1608\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:27:40Z","timestamp":1760142460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/9\/1608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["genes13091608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes13091608","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]}}}