{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T06:45:10Z","timestamp":1762065910502,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation"},{"name":"Harold Amos Faculty Development Award"},{"name":"NIH-NINDS K01 NS126736-01"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pandemic caused by the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), beginning in early 2020, had an impact beyond anything experienced in recent history. People with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the leading known heritable cause of ASD and intellectual disability, were uniquely vulnerable to pandemic-related changes. This study surveyed parent perspectives of the impact on 33 school-aged children with FXS across daily living skills, education, therapies, behaviors, health visits, and mask wearing. Academic performance was perceived to have decreased in most of the children (58%). Students in online school had the most reports of decline and those in person had the most reported improvement. Parents were significantly more satisfied with services that remained in person compared to those delivered online or in hybrid settings. Additionally, depression (75%), sleep problems (80%), attention problems (73%), and social skills (61%) were reported to have worsened the most. Parents reported that in addition to continuing with a structured schedule, the most helpful strategies were increasing face-to-face social interactions and outdoor activities. Future research should explore strategies to help online interventions and education to be more successful with individuals with FXS, given this may become a resource for families not geographically able to access in-person resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13091666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T23:39:22Z","timestamp":1663544362000},"page":"1666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on School-Aged Children with Fragile X Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hailey","family":"Silver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Rosselot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Fragile X Foundation, McLean, VA 22102, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5616-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reymundo","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia de Avila, M.A., Hamamoto Filho, P.T., da Silva Jacob, F.L., Souza Alcantara, L.R., Berghammer, M., Nolbris, M.J., Olaya-Contreras, P., and Nilsson, S. (2020). Children\u2019s anxiety and factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study using the Children\u2019s Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165757"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12316","article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children\u2019s lifestyles and anxiety levels","volume":"34","author":"Zengin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u015aniadach, J., Szymkowiak, S., Osip, P., and Waszkiewicz, N. (2021). Increased depression and anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents: A literature review. Life, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11111188"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Giorgio, E., Polli, R., Lunghi, M., and Murgia, A. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 Italian lockdown on the physiological and psychological well-being of children with Fragile X Syndrome and their families. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115752"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S293426","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with ASD and their families: An online survey in China","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12769","article-title":"Examining the impact of COVID-19 in ethnically diverse families with young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities","volume":"64","author":"Neece","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"349","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"13","author":"Bellomo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.761485","article-title":"Effects of school closures resulting from COVID-19 in autistic and neurotypical children","volume":"6","author":"Genova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Educ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colizzi, M., Sironi, E., Antonini, F., Ciceri, M.L., Bovo, C., and Zoccante, L. (2020). Psychosocial and behavioral impact of COVID-19 in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An online parent survey. Brain. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10060341"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3390\/psychiatryint2020014","article-title":"The role of online schooling, screen-based activities, and parent coping in Canadian children\u2019s COVID-19-related trauma and anxiety symptoms","volume":"2","author":"Guimond","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Int."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/9\/1666\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:33:34Z","timestamp":1760142814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/9\/1666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["genes13091666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes13091666","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]}}}