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The pathophysiology of the diseases include disturbances of the lipid metabolism, in which acyl-CoA desaturases play a central role as they synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, thereby providing protection against lipotoxicity. The stearoyl-CoA desaturase-5 (SCD5) isoform has received little scientific attention. We aimed to investigate the SCD5 promoter and its polymorphisms in vitro, in silico and in a case-control study. The SCD5 promoter region was determined by a luciferase reporter system in HepG2, HEK293T and SK-N-FI cells and it was proved to be cell type-specific, but it was insensitive to different fatty acids. The effect of the SCD5 promoter polymorphisms rs6841081 and rs3811792 was tested in the transfected cells. The T allele of rs3811792 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly reduced the activity of the SCD5 promoter in vitro and modified several transcription factor binding sites in silico. A statistically significant association of rs3811792 SNP with T1DM and T2DM was also found, thus supporting the medical relevance of this variation and the complexity of the molecular mechanisms in the development of metabolic disorders. In conclusion, the minor allele of rs3811792 polymorphism might contribute to the development of diabetes by influencing the SCD5 promoter activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13101784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T20:43:21Z","timestamp":1665261801000},"page":"1784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs3811792) Affecting Human SCD5 Promoter Activity Is Associated with Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Veronika","family":"Z\u00e1mb\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Orosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Tibori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szabolcs","family":"Sipeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisztina","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-4361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Csala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4778-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9va","family":"Kereszturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition","volume":"157","author":"Saeedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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