{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:20:59Z","timestamp":1791429659013,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["81970421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970421"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["82170235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170235"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["JCYJ20190808174001746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190808174001746"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["JCYJ20210324105407019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324105407019"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["JCYJ20210324110012034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324110012034"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["2019SHIBS0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SHIBS0004"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Basic Research Foundation","award":["81970421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970421"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Basic Research Foundation","award":["82170235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170235"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Basic Research Foundation","award":["JCYJ20190808174001746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190808174001746"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Basic Research Foundation","award":["JCYJ20210324105407019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324105407019"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Basic Research Foundation","award":["JCYJ20210324110012034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324110012034"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Basic Research Foundation","award":["2019SHIBS0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SHIBS0004"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science\u2013Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions","award":["81970421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970421"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science\u2013Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions","award":["82170235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170235"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science\u2013Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions","award":["JCYJ20190808174001746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190808174001746"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science\u2013Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions","award":["JCYJ20210324105407019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324105407019"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science\u2013Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions","award":["JCYJ20210324110012034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324110012034"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science\u2013Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions","award":["2019SHIBS0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SHIBS0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique, tetra-acylated diphosphatidylglycerol lipid that mainly localizes in the inner mitochondria membrane (IMM) in mammalian cells and plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial architecture and functioning. A deficiency of CL biosynthesis and remodeling perturbs mitochondrial functioning and ultrastructure. Clinical and experimental studies on human patients and animal models have also provided compelling evidence that an abnormal CL content, acyl chain composition, localization, and level of oxidation may be directly linked to multiple diseases, including cardiomyopathy, neuronal dysfunction, immune cell defects, and metabolic disorders. The central role of CL in regulating the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we focus on the advances in our understanding of the physiological roles of CL biosynthesis and remodeling from human patients and mouse models, and we provide an overview of the potential mechanism by which CL regulates the mitochondrial architecture and functioning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13101889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T21:18:02Z","timestamp":1666127882000},"page":"1889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Cardiolipin Regulates Mitochondrial Ultrastructure and Function in Mammalian Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhitong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-4101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0292-375X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunfu","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2012.05.003","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial function","volume":"26","author":"Osellame","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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