{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T02:49:19Z","timestamp":1781059759635,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Maastricht University","award":["MH119740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH119740"]}]},{"name":"Maastricht University","award":["#276082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#276082"]}]},{"name":"NIH_5U01 grant","award":["MH119740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH119740"]}]},{"name":"NIH_5U01 grant","award":["#276082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#276082"]}]},{"name":"The Research Council of Norway","award":["MH119740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH119740"]}]},{"name":"The Research Council of Norway","award":["#276082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#276082"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a clinically heterogeneous genetic syndrome, associated with a wide array of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The clinical presentation is likely to be influenced by environmental factors, yet little is known about this. Here, we review the available research literature on the role of the environment in 22q11DS. We find that within-patient design studies have mainly investigated the role of parental factors, stress, and substance use, reporting significant effects of these factors on the clinical profile. Case-control studies have been less successful, with almost no reports of significant moderating effects of the environment. We go on to hypothesize which specific environmental measures are most likely to interact with the 22q11 deletion, based on the genes in this region and their involvement in molecular pathways. We end by discussing potential reasons for the limited findings so far, including modest sample sizes and limited availability of environmental measures, and make recommendations how to move forward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13112003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T03:36:44Z","timestamp":1667360204000},"page":"2003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Environmental Influences on the Relation between the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Mental Health: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1844-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yelyzaveta","family":"Snihirova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E. J.","family":"Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1135-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Therese","family":"van Amelsvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15071","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.71","article-title":"22q11.2 deletion syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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