{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T08:40:47Z","timestamp":1762072847765,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UPRM RISE 2BEST","award":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"]}]},{"name":"UPRM-SLOAN","award":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"]}]},{"name":"National Resource for Biomedical Supercomputing","award":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Minority Access to Research Careers (MARC)","award":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007600","P20GM103475","MCB-0843608","NIH-R25GM088023","P41 RR06009","T36-GM095335","T36-GM008789"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Introduction: Lucina pectinata is a clam found in sulfide-rich mud environments that has three hemoglobins believed to be responsible for the transport of hydrogen sulfide (HbILp) and oxygen (HbIILp and HbIIILp) to chemoautotrophic endosymbionts. The physiological roles and evolution of these globins in sulfide-rich environments are not well understood. (2) Methods: We performed bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses with 32 homologous mollusk globin sequences. Phylogenetics suggests a first gene duplication resulting in sulfide binding and oxygen binding genes. A more recent gene duplication gave rise to the two oxygen-binding hemoglobins. Multidimensional scaling analysis of the sequence space shows evolutionary drift of HbIILp and HbIIILp, while HbILp was closer to the Calyptogena hemoglobins. Further corroboration is seen by conservation in the coding region of hemoglobins from L. pectinata compared to those from Calyptogena. (3) Conclusions: Presence of glutamine in position E7 in organisms living in sulfide-rich environments can be considered an adaptation to prevent loss of protein function. In HbILp a substitution of phenylalanine in position B10 is accountable for its unique reactivity towards H2S. It appears that HbILp has been changing over time, apparently not subject to functional constraints of binding oxygen, and acquired a unique function for a specialized environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13112041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T11:56:36Z","timestamp":1667908596000},"page":"2041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bioinformatic Characterization and Molecular Evolution of the Lucina pectinata Hemoglobins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3289-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid M.","family":"Montes-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology Division, PROMIC, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-3027, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen L.","family":"Cadilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5506-3434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"L\u00f3pez-Garriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Puerto Rico\u2014Mayag\u00fcez Campus, Mayag\u00fcez, PR 00681-9000, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3507-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.2.569","article-title":"Nonvertebrate hemoglobins: Functions and molecular adaptations","volume":"81","author":"Weber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. 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