{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:32:43Z","timestamp":1791423163402,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31572385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31572385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>TRIM25, as a significant member of the TRIM family, has been frequently demonstrated in regulating the host\u2019s antiviral response by activating innate immunity. Ducks are often asymptomatic carriers of influenza A viruses, but the beneficial roles of TRIM25 in modulating the immune response remain largely unknown in ducks. In this study, we characterized the TRIM25, which contains a 16 bp 5\u2032-UTR, a 279 bp 3\u2032-UTR and a 2052 bp ORF that encodes 683 amino acid residues. In addition, we found that duTRIM25 transcripts were widely expressed in the 10 tissues tested, with higher expression levels in the kidney, liver, muscle and spleen and lower expression levels in the duodenum and blood. In addition, the six kinds of virus- or bacteria-mimicking stimuli were transfected into DEFs, and duTRIM25 was induced significantly with 5\u2032ppp dsRNA stimulation. Furthermore, overexpression of duTRIM25 followed by treatment with 5\u2032ppp dsRNA resulted in an increase in IFN-\u03b2. The SPRY domain of duTRIM25 contributed to promoting IFN-\u03b2 activity in DEFs challenged with 5\u2032ppp dsRNA. Taken together, our findings suggest that duck TRIM25 can induce the production of IFN-\u03b2 against double-stranded RNA virus stimuli and that the SPRY domain of duTRIM25 was critical for the infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13112090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T19:18:29Z","timestamp":1668107909000},"page":"2090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The TRIM25 Gene in Ducks: Cloning, Characterization and Antiviral Immune Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4649-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinlu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10774","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402361101","article-title":"Retrovirus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5alpha","volume":"101","author":"Hatziioannou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10780","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402474101","article-title":"The human and African green monkey TRIM5alpha genes encode Ref1 and Lv1 retroviral restriction factor activities","volume":"101","author":"Keckesova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.5.3139-3145.2005","article-title":"Species-specific variation in the B30.2(SPRY) domain of TRIM5alpha determines the potency of human immunodeficiency virus restriction","volume":"79","author":"Stremlau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00870-1","article-title":"Regulatory effects of chicken TRIM25 on the replication of ALV-A and the MDA5-mediated type I interferon response","volume":"51","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.12.005","article-title":"TRIMmunity: The roles of the TRIM E3-ubiquitin ligase family in innate antiviral immunity","volume":"426","author":"Rajsbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20304","article-title":"TRIM\/RBCC, a novel class of \u2018single protein RING finger\u2019 E3 ubiquitin ligases","volume":"27","author":"Meroni","year":"2005","journal-title":"BioEssays News Rev. Mol. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2005.04.001","article-title":"TRIM37 defective in mulibrey nanism is a novel RING finger ubiquitin E3 ligase","volume":"308","author":"Kallijarvi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barr, S.D., Smiley, J.R., and Bushman, F.D. (2008). The interferon response inhibits HIV particle production by induction of TRIM22. PLoS Pathog., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000007"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104169","article-title":"Identification of a TRIM32 from Penaeus monodon is involved in autophagy and innate immunity during white spot syndrome virus infection","volume":"123","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchil, P.D., Quinlan, B.D., Chan, W.T., Luna, J.M., and Mothes, W. (2008). TRIM E3 Ligases Interfere with Early and Late Stages of the Retroviral Life Cycle. PLOS Pathog., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040016"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1248","article-title":"TRIM family proteins: Retroviral restriction and antiviral defence","volume":"3","author":"Nisole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6019","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez408","article-title":"TRIM62-mediated restriction of avian leukosis virus subgroup J replication is dependent on the SPRY domain","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(19)62646-8","article-title":"Transcriptomic analyses reveal new genes and networks response to H5N1 influenza viruses in duck (Anas platyrhynchos)","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403984","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1403984","article-title":"TRIM25 Identification in the Chinese Goose: Gene Structure, Tissue Expression Profiles, and Antiviral Immune Responses In Vivo and In Vitro","volume":"2016","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722113","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.722113","article-title":"The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM25 Inhibits Tembusu Virus Replication in vitro","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2020.1784186","article-title":"Molecular cloning, tissue distribution and function analysis of duck TLR7","volume":"33","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27208","article-title":"Negative regulation of the RLR-mediated IFN signaling pathway by duck ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18)","volume":"234","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-21-920","article-title":"Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract induces apoptosis of HL-60\/ADR cells via the Bax\/Bcl-2 caspase-3\/9 signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.05.003","article-title":"Nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antagonizes the antiviral activity of TRIM25 by interfering with TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination","volume":"233","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658762","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.658762","article-title":"Bovine Delta Papillomavirus E5 Oncoprotein Interacts with TRIM25 and Hampers Antiviral Innate Immune Response Mediated by RIG-I-Like Receptors","volume":"12","author":"Francesca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5398-7_2","article-title":"The tripartite motif: Structure and function","volume":"770","author":"Micale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.02.025","article-title":"Molecular characterization, tissue distribution and expression analysis of TRIM25 in Gallus gallus domesticus","volume":"561","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.05.009","article-title":"Pathogenicity in quails and mice of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks","volume":"152","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7336","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14227","article-title":"Viral-host interaction in kidney reveals strategies to escape host immunity and persistently shed virus to the urine","volume":"8","author":"Ou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2019.109522","article-title":"TRIM59 expression is regulated by Sp1 and Nrf1 in LPS-activated macrophages through JNK signaling pathway","volume":"67","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.08.018","article-title":"Mechanism of TRIM25 mediated ubiquitination of metastasis associated protein (MTA) 1 in normal liver cells","volume":"371","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4469","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00131","article-title":"Transient association of titin and myosin with microtubules in nascent myofibrils directed by the MURF2 RING-finger protein","volume":"115","author":"Andrei","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","article-title":"Pathogen recognition and innate immunity","volume":"124","author":"Akira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.3390\/v3060920","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors and the innate immune response to viral infection","volume":"3","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvm032","article-title":"Antiviral signaling through pattern recognition receptors","volume":"141","author":"Kawai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.04.021","article-title":"Structural Analysis of dsRNA Binding to Anti-viral Pattern Recognition Receptors LGP2 and MDA5","volume":"62","author":"Uchikawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.09.039","article-title":"Structural Basis for the Activation of Innate Immune Pattern-Recognition Receptor RIG-I by Viral RNA","volume":"147","author":"Kowalinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577370","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.577370","article-title":"Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Duck Embryo Fibroblasts Infected with Novel Duck Reovirus","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17503","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103759","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of duck embryo fibroblasts for the dynamic response to duck tembusu virus infection and dual regulation of apoptosis genes","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/11\/2090\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:14:09Z","timestamp":1760145249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/13\/11\/2090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["genes13112090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes13112090","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]}}}