{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:07:27Z","timestamp":1787238447052,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["202111117098Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202111117098Y"]}]},{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["SJCX22_1803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX22_1803"]}]},{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["202111117098Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202111117098Y"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["SJCX22_1803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX22_1803"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["202111117098Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202111117098Y"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["SJCX22_1803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX22_1803"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["D18007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of tigecycline-resistant bacteria in agri-food chains poses a public health concern. Recently, plasmid-mediated tet(X4) was found to be resistant to tigecycline. However, genome differences between tet(X4)-positive Escherichia coli of human and pork origins are still under-investigated. In this study, 53 pork samples were collected from markets in Jiangsu, China, and 23 tet(X4)-positive isolates were identified and shown to confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, including tigecycline. tet(X4)-positive isolates were mainly distributed in E. coli (n = 22), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). More than half of the tet(X4) genes were able to be successfully transferred into E. coli C600. We downloaded all tet(X4)-positive E. coli isolates from humans and pork found in China from the NCBI database. A total of 42 known STs were identified, of which ST10 was the dominant ST. The number of ARGs and plasmid replicons carried by E. coli of human origin were not significantly different from those carried by E. coli of pork origin. However, the numbers of insertion sequences and virulence genes carried by E. coli of human origin were significantly higher than those carried by E. coli of pork origin. In addition to E. coli, we analyzed all 23 tet(X4)-positive K. pneumoniae strains currently reported. We found that these tet(X4)-positive K. pneumoniae were mainly distributed in China and had no dominant STs. This study systematically investigated the tet(X4)-positive isolates, emphasizing the importance of the continuous surveillance of tet(X4) in pork.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14010036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T02:36:46Z","timestamp":1671763006000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Epidemiology of tet(X4)-Bearing Bacteria of Pork Origin in Jiangsu, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kefan","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0593-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mianzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6486-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8333-9891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruichao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf9286","article-title":"Achieving global targets for antimicrobial resistance","volume":"353","author":"Laxminarayan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70279-2","article-title":"Current control treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections","volume":"8","author":"Karageorgopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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