{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:42:46Z","timestamp":1762083766883,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli are a widely distributed source of antimicrobial resistance for animals and humans. Little is known about the susceptibility profile and genetic characteristics of E. coli strains isolated from domestic dogs in Latin America. Methods: We report on a cross-sectional study that evaluated E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples of domestic dogs in central Panama. The extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC genes, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance were investigated. Molecular typing using Pasteur\u2019s multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was conducted. Results: A total of 40 E. coli isolates were obtained, of which 80% (32\/40) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested, while 20% (8\/40) were sensitive to all antibiotics analyzed in this study (p &lt; 0.001). Forty percent of the strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics. The most common resistance was to tetracycline (45%) and ampicillin (30%) while 2.5% showed an ESBL phenotype. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected for one \u03b2-lactamase (blaTEM-1) and two plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) enzymes (qnrS and qnrB). In addition, mutations in the chromosomal AmpC gene were observed at positions \u221235, \u221228, \u221218, \u22121, and +58. Fourteen different sequence types (STs) were identified; the most frequent were ST399 and ST425 (12% each). ST3 and ST88, which have been previously identified in human clinical isolates, were also evidenced. Three new STs were found for the first time: ST1015, ST1016 (carrier of the blaTEM-1 gene), and ST1017 (carrier of the blaTEM-1, qnrS, and qnrB genes). Conclusions: In the intestinal strains of E. coli isolated from domestic dogs, there was a high frequency of resistance to antibiotics. The presence of genes from plasmids and chromosomal mutations that conferred antibiotic resistance, the identification of isolates previously reported in humans, and the genetic diversity of STs (including three that were newly identified) confirmed the determinants of resistance to antibiotics in the domestic dogs from central Panama.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14010073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T07:30:06Z","timestamp":1672126206000},"page":"73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic Diversity and New Sequence Types of Escherichia coli Coharboring \u03b2-Lactamases and PMQR Genes Isolated from Domestic Dogs in Central Panama"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9625-1415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Samudio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Las Tablas 0710, Los Santos, Panama"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Salud P\u00fablica, Regi\u00f3n de Salud de Herrera, Ministry of Health, Chitr\u00e9 0601, Herrera, Panama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gumercindo","family":"Pimentel-Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Las Tablas 0710, Los Santos, Panama"},{"name":"Escuela de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnolog\u00eda, Centro Regional Universitario de Azuero (CRUA), Universidad de Panam\u00e1, Chitr\u00e9 0601, Herrera, Panama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"De La Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnolog\u00eda, Centro Regional Universitario de Azuero (CRUA), Universidad de Panam\u00e1, Chitr\u00e9 0601, Herrera, Panama"},{"name":"Water Quality Laboratory, Ministry of Health, La Villa 0739, Los Santos, Panama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6323-1170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Landires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Las Tablas 0710, Los Santos, Panama"},{"name":"Hospital Joaqu\u00edn Pablo Franco Sayas, Regi\u00f3n de Salud de Los Santos, Ministry of Health, Las Tablas 0710, Los Santos, Panama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00009","article-title":"Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli: A combination of virulence with antibiotic resistance","volume":"3","author":"Pitout","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. 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