{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:21:15Z","timestamp":1792102875511,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA237153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA237153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM136684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM136684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Penn State Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation","award":["CA237153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA237153"]}]},{"name":"Penn State Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation","award":["GM136684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM136684"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA polymerase eta (Pol \u03b7) is a Y-family polymerase and the product of the POLH gene. Autosomal recessive inheritance of POLH mutations is the cause of the xeroderma pigmentosum variant, a cancer predisposition syndrome. This review summarizes mounting evidence for expanded Pol \u03b7 cellular functions in addition to DNA lesion bypass that are critical for maintaining genome stability. In vitro, Pol \u03b7 displays efficient DNA synthesis through difficult-to-replicate sequences, catalyzes D-loop extensions, and utilizes RNA\u2013DNA hybrid templates. Human Pol \u03b7 is constitutively present at the replication fork. In response to replication stress, Pol \u03b7 is upregulated at the transcriptional and protein levels, and post-translational modifications regulate its localization to chromatin. Numerous studies show that Pol \u03b7 is required for efficient common fragile site replication and stability. Additionally, Pol \u03b7 can be recruited to stalled replication forks through protein\u2013protein interactions, suggesting a broader role in replication fork recovery. During somatic hypermutations, Pol \u03b7 is recruited by mismatch repair proteins and is essential for VH gene A:T basepair mutagenesis. Within the global context of repeat-dense genomes, the recruitment of Pol \u03b7 to perform specialized functions during replication could promote genome stability by interrupting pure repeat arrays with base substitutions. Alternatively, not engaging Pol \u03b7 in genome duplication is costly, as the absence of Pol \u03b7 leads to incomplete replication and increased chromosomal instability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14010175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T04:42:17Z","timestamp":1673239337000},"page":"175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nontraditional Roles of DNA Polymerase Eta Support Genome Duplication and Stability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8659-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin A.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17036, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/21447","article-title":"The XPV (xeroderma pigmentosum variant) gene encodes human DNA polymerase eta","volume":"399","author":"Masutani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00278-7","article-title":"The Y-family of DNA polymerases","volume":"8","author":"Ohmori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. 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