{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T07:03:45Z","timestamp":1768547025040,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2014Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveil-lance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["P0065_22_WR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0065_22_WR"]}]},{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2014Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveil-lance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["P0050_23_WR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0050_23_WR"]}]},{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2014Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveil-lance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["C0595_12_LI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C0595_12_LI"]}]},{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2014Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveil-lance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["P0143_19_N6_04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0143_19_N6_04"]}]},{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2014Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveil-lance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["UCV-2000001339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCV-2000001339"]}]},{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2013Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveillance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["P0065_22_WR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0065_22_WR"]}]},{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2013Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveillance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["P0050_23_WR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0050_23_WR"]}]},{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2013Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveillance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["C0595_12_LI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C0595_12_LI"]}]},{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2013Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveillance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["P0143_19_N6_04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0143_19_N6_04"]}]},{"name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division\u2013Global Emerging Infectious Disease Surveillance (AFHSD-GEIS)","award":["UCV-2000001339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCV-2000001339"]}]},{"name":"Fonacit-Agenda Biodiversidad Venezuela","award":["P0065_22_WR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0065_22_WR"]}]},{"name":"Fonacit-Agenda Biodiversidad Venezuela","award":["P0050_23_WR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0050_23_WR"]}]},{"name":"Fonacit-Agenda Biodiversidad Venezuela","award":["C0595_12_LI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C0595_12_LI"]}]},{"name":"Fonacit-Agenda Biodiversidad Venezuela","award":["P0143_19_N6_04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0143_19_N6_04"]}]},{"name":"Fonacit-Agenda Biodiversidad Venezuela","award":["UCV-2000001339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCV-2000001339"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Anopheles subgenus Kerteszia is a poorly understood group of mosquitoes that includes several species of medical importance. Although there are currently twelve recognized species in the subgenus, previous studies have shown that this is likely to be an underestimate of species diversity. Here, we undertake a baseline study of species delimitation using the barcode region of the mtDNA COI gene to explore species diversity among a geographically and taxonomically diverse range of Kerteszia specimens. Beginning with 10 of 12 morphologically identified Kerteszia species spanning eight countries, species delimitation analyses indicated a high degree of cryptic diversity. Overall, our analyses found support for at least 28 species clusters within the subgenus Kerteszia. The most diverse taxon was Anopheles neivai, a known malaria vector, with eight species clusters. Five other species taxa showed strong signatures of species complex structure, among them Anopheles bellator, which is also considered a malaria vector. There was some evidence for species structure within An. homunculus, although the results were equivocal across delimitation analyses. The current study, therefore, suggests that species diversity within the subgenus Kerteszia has been grossly underestimated. Further work will be required to build on this molecular characterization of species diversity and will rely on genomic level approaches and additional morphological data to test these species hypotheses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14020344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T06:06:13Z","timestamp":1675058773000},"page":"344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High Levels of Diversity in Anopheles Subgenus Kerteszia Revealed by Species Delimitation Analyses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2638-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian P.","family":"Bourke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA"},{"name":"One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution\u2014National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Wilkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA"},{"name":"One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution\u2014National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8563-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredy","family":"Ruiz-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program for the Study and Control of Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia A.","family":"Justi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA"},{"name":"One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution\u2014National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Pecor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA"},{"name":"One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution\u2014National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha L.","family":"Quinones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Salud P\u00fablica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7692-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan-Carlos","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases and Ecoepidemiology, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170134, Ecuador"},{"name":"Instituto de Ecologia y Zoologia Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1053, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joubert Alarc\u00f3n","family":"Ormaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Joubert Alarc\u00f3n","family":"Ormaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranulfo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Ed 320, Cali 760032, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Flores-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Department, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit. No 6, Bellavista, Lima APO AA 34031, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9413-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Department, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit. No 6, Bellavista, Lima APO AA 34031, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8930-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas E.","family":"Escovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogot\u00e1 111001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne-Marie","family":"Linton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA"},{"name":"One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution\u2014National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021). 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