{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T03:41:54Z","timestamp":1786765314530,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":171,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder of the chronic intestinal disease group characterized by duodenal inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals, precipitated by gluten ingestion. The pathogenesis of celiac disease is now widely studied, overcoming the limits of the purely autoimmune concept and explaining its hereditability. The genomic profiling of this condition has led to the discovery of numerous genes involved in interleukin signaling and immune-related pathways. The spectrum of disease manifestations is not limited to the gastrointestinal tract, and a significant number of studies have considered the possible association between CD and neoplasms. Patients with CD are found to be at increased risk of developing malignancies, with a particular predisposition of certain types of intestinal cancer, lymphomas, and oropharyngeal cancers. This can be partially explained by common cancer hallmarks present in these patients. The study of gut microbiota, microRNAs, and DNA methylation is evolving to find the any possible missing links between CD and cancer incidence in these patients. However, the literature is extremely mixed and, therefore, our understanding of the biological interplay between CD and cancer remains limited, with significant implications in terms of clinical management and screening protocols. In this review article, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics data on CD and its relation to the most frequent types of neoplasms that may occur in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14020376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T03:22:47Z","timestamp":1675221767000},"page":"376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Malignancies in Patients with Celiac Disease: Diagnostic Challenges and Molecular Advances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-1000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariia","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bottiglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7401-1843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Sajjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0163-879X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Venetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9101-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619844125","article-title":"European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders","volume":"7","author":"Volta","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v8.i2.27","article-title":"Celiac disease: From pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"8","author":"Parzanese","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rostami, K., Ensari, A., Marsh, M.N., Srivastava, A., Villanacci, V., Carroccio, A., Asadzadeh Aghdaei, H., Bai, J.C., Bassotti, G., and Becheanu, G. (2022). Gluten Induces Subtle Histological Changes in Duodenal Mucosa of Patients with Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Multicentre Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122487"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2020-101728","article-title":"Is duodenal biopsy always necessary for the diagnosis of coeliac disease in adult patients with high anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibody titres?","volume":"13","author":"Beig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11795565221120565","DOI":"10.1177\/11795565221120565","article-title":"Celiac Disease With Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Young Child: Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Insights Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01374","article-title":"Coeliac Disease Pathogenesis: The Uncertainties of a Well-Known Immune Mediated Disorder","volume":"11","author":"Dunne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marafini, I., Monteleone, G., and Stolfi, C. (2020). Association Between Celiac Disease and Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21114155"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14572","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18593-y","article-title":"Phenome of coeliac disease vs. inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Kleinjans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.08.022","article-title":"Clinical features of type 1 and 2 refractory celiac disease: Results from a large cohort over a decade","volume":"55","author":"Elli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0054-z","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"5","author":"Lindfors","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.034","article-title":"Cancer Risk in 47,241 Individuals With Celiac Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"20","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2015.11.027","article-title":"Approaching the histodynamics of celiac disease in modern times: The need of going beyond the dogmas","volume":"48","author":"Fusco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.08.011","article-title":"Mast cells are associated with the onset and progression of celiac disease","volume":"139","author":"Frossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851482","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2022.851482","article-title":"Eosinophils, Hypoxia-Inducible Factors, and Barrier Dysfunction in Functional Dyspepsia","volume":"3","author":"Hari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.07.003","article-title":"The genetics of celiac disease: A comprehensive review of clinical implications","volume":"64","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3892\/ijfn.2022.25","article-title":"Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten-free diet for modifying the risk (Review)","volume":"3","author":"Kalra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Funct. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1059","article-title":"Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions","volume":"12","author":"Hanahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.01.003","article-title":"Celiac disease autoimmunity is associated with leukocyte telomere shortening in older adults: The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"89","author":"Kamycheva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i4.449","article-title":"Celiac disease: From genetics to epigenetics","volume":"28","author":"Gnodi","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9325","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7115470","article-title":"Celiac Disease Genomic, Environmental, Microbiome, and Metabolomic (CDGEMM) Study Design: Approach to the Future of Personalized Prevention of Celiac Disease","volume":"7","author":"Leonard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, Y., Ito, S., Nomura, K., Matsui, A., Kikuchi, D., and Hoteya, S. (2022). Multiple Epstein-Barr virus-associated Gastric Cancers Arising in a Patient with Autoimmune Gastritis. Intern. Med., epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.0673-22"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i8.1600","article-title":"Acute or chronic inflammation role in gastrointestinal oncology","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.345","article-title":"Evidence for a primary association of celiac disease to a particular HLA-DQ \u03b1\/\u03b2 heterodimer","volume":"169","author":"Sollid","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.837957","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Study-Guided Exome Rare Variant Burden Analysis Identifies IL1R1 and CD3E as Potential Autoimmunity Risk Genes for Celiac Disease","volume":"10","author":"Mansour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2020.10.002","article-title":"Chapter One\u2014Celiac disease susceptibility: The genome and beyond","volume":"Volume 358","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa071","article-title":"Association between celiac disease and systemic lupus erythematosus: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"59","author":"Inamo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-020-00888-5","article-title":"Independent and cumulative coeliac disease-susceptibility loci are associated with distinct disease phenotypes","volume":"66","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320961469","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid diseases, autoimmune hepatitis, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from the CARRA Legacy Registry","volume":"29","author":"AlAhmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2018.05.024","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis and coeliac disease. Simultaneous onset of both diseases","volume":"42","author":"Arizaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.09.011","article-title":"Coeliac disease and autoimmune hepatitis: Gluten-free diet can influence liver disease outcome","volume":"43","author":"Colecchia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2011.2573","article-title":"Celiac disease and fulminant T lymphoma detected too late in a 35-year-old female patient: Case report","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bosn. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000914","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-000914","article-title":"Persistent symptoms are diverse and associated with health concerns and impaired quality of life in patients with paediatric coeliac disease diagnosis after transition to adulthood","volume":"9","author":"Vuolle","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.58","article-title":"Coeliac disease: A unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity","volume":"5","author":"Hardy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00056-9","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies","volume":"1","author":"Uffelmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Prim."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2489","article-title":"Detecting shared pathogenesis from the shared genetics of immune-related diseases","volume":"10","author":"Zhernakova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tundo, G.R., Sbardella, D., Oddone, F., Kudriaeva, A.A., Lacal, P.M., Belogurov, A.A., Graziani, G., and Marini, S. (2021). At the Cutting Edge against Cancer: A Perspective on Immunoproteasome and Immune Checkpoints Modulation as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194852"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v13.i3.200","article-title":"Possible relationship between refractory celiac disease and malignancies","volume":"13","author":"Demiroren","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322935","article-title":"Oncogenetic landscape of lymphomagenesis in coeliac disease","volume":"71","author":"Cording","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1594-1","article-title":"IL-11 is essential in promoting osteolysis in breast cancer bone metastasis via RANKL-independent activation of osteoclastogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13165","article-title":"Recurrent NAB2-STAT6 gene fusions and oestrogen receptor-alpha expression in pulmonary adenofibromas","volume":"70","author":"Fusco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32691-5","article-title":"Single cell transcriptomic analysis of the immune cell compartment in the human small intestine and in Celiac disease","volume":"13","author":"Atlasy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894247","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.894247","article-title":"Osteoclast-like stromal giant cells in breast cancer likely belong to the spectrum of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Sajjadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.06.004","article-title":"Intestinal Fungal Dysbiosis Is Associated With Visceral Hypersensitivity in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Rats","volume":"153","author":"Botschuijver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.057","article-title":"The Healthy Microbiome-What Is the Definition of a Healthy Gut Microbiome?","volume":"160","author":"Shanahan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10051","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07585-w","article-title":"Functional implications of the CpG island methylation in the pathogenesis of celiac disease","volume":"49","author":"Ghosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15232","article-title":"Gut microbiome diversity in acute severe colitis is distinct from mild to moderate ulcerative colitis","volume":"36","author":"Kedia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zcac011","DOI":"10.1093\/narcan\/zcac011","article-title":"Colorectal microbiota after removal of colorectal cancer","volume":"4","author":"Cronin","year":"2022","journal-title":"NAR Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2021.151490","article-title":"Fungi of the human gut microbiota: Roles and significance","volume":"311","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310746","article-title":"Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD","volume":"66","author":"Sokol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.007","article-title":"Malassezia Is Associated with Crohn\u2019s Disease and Exacerbates Colitis in Mouse Models","volume":"25","author":"Limon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104113","article-title":"The gut virome: A new microbiome component in health and disease","volume":"81","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00700-9","article-title":"Immune activation in irritable bowel syndrome: What is the evidence?","volume":"22","author":"Hussein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.007","article-title":"Longitudinal Multi-omics Reveals Subset-Specific Mechanisms Underlying Irritable Bowel Syndrome","volume":"182","author":"Mars","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0479-3","article-title":"Meta-analysis of human genome-microbiome association studies: The MiBioGen consortium initiative","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1262","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00294.2012","article-title":"Association of HLA-DQ gene with bowel transit, barrier function, and inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea","volume":"303","author":"Camilleri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00164","article-title":"Comparison of small gut and whole gut microbiota of first-degree relatives with adult celiac disease patients and controls","volume":"10","author":"Bodkhe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"551","article-title":"Increased prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in the gut microbiota of infants at risk of developing celiac disease: The PROFICEL study","volume":"9","author":"Olivares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00906-w","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors on developing gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease","volume":"8","author":"Leonard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1773","article-title":"High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization in sporadic and celiac disease-related small bowel adenocarcinomas","volume":"16","author":"Diosdado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-022-06774-2","article-title":"Methylation of promoter region of BRCA1 gene versus pathogenic variants of gene: Risk factor or clinical marker of breast cancer","volume":"196","author":"Lobanova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2022.101871","article-title":"The application of circulating tumor cell and cell-free DNA liquid biopsies in ovarian cancer","volume":"66","author":"Balla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Probes"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02059-3","article-title":"Allele-specific DNA methylation is increased in cancers and its dense mapping in normal plus neoplastic cells increases the yield of disease-associated regulatory SNPs","volume":"21","author":"Do","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37746-6","article-title":"The methylome of the celiac intestinal epithelium harbours genotype-independent alterations in the HLA region","volume":"9","author":"Legarda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46468-2","article-title":"Combined Analysis of Methylation and Gene Expression Profiles in Separate Compartments of Small Bowel Mucosa Identified Celiac Disease Patients\u2019 Signatures","volume":"9","author":"Cielo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001519","article-title":"Presymptomatic Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Predisposed Children: The Role of Gene Expression Profile","volume":"65","author":"Galatola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hearn, N.L., Chiu, C.L., and Lind, J.M. (2020). Comparison of DNA methylation profiles from saliva in Coeliac disease and non-coeliac disease individuals. BMC Med. Genom., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-020-0670-9"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307891","article-title":"MicroRNAs: New players in IBD","volume":"64","author":"Kalla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, I.L., Barisani, D., Panceri, R., Modderman, R., Visschedijk, M., Weersma, R.K., Wijmenga, C., Jonkers, I., Coutinho de Almeida, R., and Withoff, S. (2021). A Combined mRNA- and miRNA-Sequencing Approach Reveals miRNAs as Potential Regulators of the Small Intestinal Transcriptome in Celiac Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111382"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20130248","article-title":"microRNA profiles in coeliac patients distinguish different clinical phenotypes and are modulated by gliadin peptides in primary duodenal fibroblasts","volume":"126","author":"Vaira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.203","article-title":"miRNAs affect the expression of innate and adaptive immunity proteins in celiac disease","volume":"109","author":"Magni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domsa, E.M., Berindan-Neagoe, I., Budisan, L., Braicu, C., Para, I., Tantau, A.I., Orasan, O.H., Ciobanu, L., Pop, T.A., and Filip, G.A. (2022). Expression of Selected Genes and Circulating microRNAs in Patients with Celiac Disease. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58020180"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.23822\/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.90","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers in pediatric patients with celiac disease","volume":"51","author":"Amr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36585","article-title":"Cancer incidence in a population-based cohort of individuals hospitalized with celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis","volume":"123","author":"Askling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelizzaro, F., Marsilio, I., Fassan, M., Piazza, F., Barberio, B., D\u2019Odorico, A., Savarino, E.V., Farinati, F., and Zingone, F. (2021). The Risk of Malignancies in Celiac Disease-A Literature Review. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215288"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04972.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Coeliac disease and the risk of all-cause mortality, any malignancy and lymphoid malignancy","volume":"35","author":"Tio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001658","article-title":"Immunophenotypic Spectrum and Genomic Landscape of Refractory Celiac Disease Type II","volume":"45","author":"Soderquist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618800540","article-title":"Risks for lymphoma and gastrointestinal carcinoma in patients with newly diagnosed adult-onset celiac disease: Consequences for follow-up","volume":"6","author":"Nijeboer","year":"2018","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-022-03682-3","article-title":"Malignant complications of celiac disease: A case series and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Packova","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-00006","article-title":"Mucosal Healing and Risk for Lymphoproliferative Malignancy in Celiac Disease","volume":"159","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-016-0357-7","article-title":"Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"11","author":"Ondrejka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barsouk, A., Rawla, P., and Thandra, K.C. (2019). Epidemiology of Cancers of the Small Intestine: Trends, Risk Factors, and Prevention. Med. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci7030046"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000514716","article-title":"Celiac Disease Revisited","volume":"29","author":"Calado","year":"2022","journal-title":"GE Port. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.543","article-title":"Multiple common variants for celiac disease influencing immune gene expression","volume":"42","author":"Dubois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4333","article-title":"Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients","volume":"23","author":"Zehir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00671","article-title":"Frequency and Prognosis of Pulmonary Metastases in Newly Diagnosed Gastric Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Rattan, S.I.S. (2020). Encyclopedia of Biomedical Gerontology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16912","article-title":"Review article: Systemic consequences of coeliac disease","volume":"56","author":"Laurikka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.09.031","article-title":"Increased risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in individuals with celiac disease and a potential familial association","volume":"136","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0095","article-title":"The cBio cancer genomics portal: An open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data","volume":"2","author":"Cerami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pl1","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004088","article-title":"Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00794-2","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"399","author":"Catassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610970113","article-title":"Epigenetic gene regulation by Janus kinase 1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"113","author":"Rui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0273-0","article-title":"JAK-STAT pathway targeting for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Salas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00726-8","article-title":"Janus kinase-targeting therapies in rheumatology: A mechanisms-based approach","volume":"18","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"155","article-title":"Immunological reactions by T cell and regulation of crucial genes in treated celiac disease patients","volume":"13","author":"Razzaghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Bed Bench"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.07.007","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis-celiac disease relationship: Joints get that gut feeling","volume":"14","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102653","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease and head and neck cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Eells","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6284","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-0472","article-title":"Intratumoral IL12 mRNA Therapy Promotes TH1 Transformation of the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"26","author":"Hewitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6080","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-3250","article-title":"Interleukin-12 Message in a Bottle","volume":"26","author":"Cirella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-0744","article-title":"STAT3 activation as a predictive biomarker for ruxolitinib response in head and neck cancer","volume":"28","author":"Qureshy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2015.01.003","article-title":"JAK kinase inhibition abrogates STAT3 activation and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor growth","volume":"17","author":"Sen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.893012","article-title":"Low risk of colon cancer in patients with celiac disease","volume":"49","author":"Volta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.06.005","article-title":"Risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with celiac disease: A multicenter study","volume":"7","author":"Pereyra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1612","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001612","article-title":"Association Between Coeliac Disease and Risk of Any Malignancy and Gastrointestinal Malignancy: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"94","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.13298","article-title":"Barrett Esophagus: A Review","volume":"328","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-022-00680-x","article-title":"Role of ELMO1 in inflammation and cancer-clinical implications","volume":"45","author":"Tocci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, C., Zhao, G., Pei, B., Wang, K., Li, H., Fei, S., Song, L., Wang, C., Xiong, S., and Xue, Y. (2022). A Novel Plasma-Based Methylation Panel for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Early Detection. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14215282"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15236","article-title":"Host engulfment pathway controls inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"287","author":"Sayed","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"1179552217712249","article-title":"Understanding Celiac Disease From Genetics to the Future Diagnostic Strategies","volume":"10","author":"Salazar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Insights: Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22914","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.22914","article-title":"De-repression of the RAC activator ELMO1 in cancer stem cells drives progression of TGF\u03b2-deficient squamous cell carcinoma from transition zones","volume":"6","author":"McCauley","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.01.006","article-title":"ATXN2-mediated translation of TNFR1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via m(6)A-dependent manner","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8266544","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8266544","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Differences in the Development of Gastric Cancer","volume":"2022","author":"Dhondrup","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ucaryilmaz Metin, C., and Ozcan, G. (2022). Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis reveals a cancer-associated fibroblast gene signature as a poor prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09736-5"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05507.x","article-title":"Effect of gluten-free diet on preventing recurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease\u2013related symptoms in adult celiac patients with nonerosive reflux disease","volume":"23","author":"Usai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14213","article-title":"The indications for biopsy in routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"78","author":"Loughrey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.8.1211","article-title":"Small bowel neoplasia in coeliac disease","volume":"52","author":"Rampertab","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03393-6","article-title":"Claudin-18 expression in small bowel adenocarcinoma: A clinico-pathologic study","volume":"481","author":"Arpa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.07.007","article-title":"Risk of Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma, Adenomas, and Carcinoids in a Nationwide Cohort of Individuals With Celiac Disease","volume":"159","author":"Emilsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caio, G., Volta, U., Ursini, F., Manfredini, R., and De Giorgio, R. (2019). Small bowel adenocarcinoma as a complication of celiac disease: Clinical and diagnostic features. BMC Gastroenterol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-0964-6"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"viii263","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy282.155","article-title":"772P\u2014ARCAD-NADEGE cohort: Result of a small bowel adenocarcinomas prospective cohort","volume":"29","author":"Aparicio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx031","article-title":"Small Bowel Carcinomas in Coeliac or Crohn\u2019s Disease: Clinico-pathological, Molecular, and Prognostic Features. A Study From the Small Bowel Cancer Italian Consortium","volume":"11","author":"Vanoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02675-w","article-title":"Small-bowel carcinomas associated with celiac disease: Transcriptomic profiling shows predominance of microsatellite instability-immune and mesenchymal subtypes","volume":"476","author":"Rizzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6150145","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6150145","article-title":"Colorectal Adenoma Risk Is Increased among Recently Diagnosed Adult Celiac Disease Patients","volume":"2018","author":"Lasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2022.06.028","article-title":"Gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"191","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2021","volume":"71","author":"Siegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.04.21","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA IQCJ-SCHIP1 antisense RNA 1 is downregulated in colorectal cancer and inhibits cell proliferation","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.144165","article-title":"Celiac disease associated SNP rs17810546 is located in a gene silencing region","volume":"726","author":"Zwiers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5050","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.467684","article-title":"Biomechanical assessment of chronic liver injury using quantitative micro-elastography","volume":"13","author":"Mowla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2015.111","article-title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"3","author":"Janevska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"421673","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: Focus on different aspects of management","volume":"2012","author":"Yangde","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Oncol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.07.002","article-title":"Intergrated analysis of ELMO1, serves as a link between tumour mutation burden and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"46","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15346","article-title":"TRIM27-USP7 complex promotes tumour progression via STAT3 activation in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i1.38","article-title":"Proteasome regulators in pancreatic cancer","volume":"14","author":"Murugan","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M500279-MCP200","article-title":"A Human Protein Atlas for Normal and Cancer Tissues Based on Antibody Proteomics","volume":"4","author":"Agaton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"241","article-title":"Celiac-associated pancreatic disease","volume":"29","author":"Freeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.06.023","article-title":"Patients with celiac disease have an increased risk for pancreatitis","volume":"10","author":"Sanders","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181ea11cb","article-title":"Papillary cancer of thyroid in celiac disease","volume":"45","author":"Volta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9240-z","article-title":"Increased risk of papillary thyroid cancer in celiac disease","volume":"51","author":"Kent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E244","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26454","article-title":"Reduced risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer in women with celiac disease","volume":"131","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/ygh2.446","article-title":"Cancer incidence and factors associated with malignancies in coeliac disease during long-term follow-up","volume":"3","author":"Koskinen","year":"2021","journal-title":"GastroHep"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0604-8","article-title":"Meta-analysis of Immunochip data of four autoimmune diseases reveals novel single-disease and cross-phenotype associations","volume":"10","author":"Kerick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31824e9132","article-title":"A comparison between lactose breath test and quick test on duodenal biopsies for diagnosing lactase deficiency in patients with self-reported lactose intolerance","volume":"47","author":"Furnari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983793","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.983793","article-title":"Biological effects and regulation of IGFBP5 in breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Dittmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.029","article-title":"Risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in patients with celiac disease: A population-based study","volume":"71","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2018.1504431","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatr. Int. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa188","article-title":"Negative predictive value of the repeated absence of gluten immunogenic peptides in the urine of treated celiac patients in predicting mucosal healing: New proposals for follow-up in celiac disease","volume":"112","author":"Fombuena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-08-042820","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory celiac disease with aberrant T cells","volume":"109","author":"Visser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.031","article-title":"Glutenase ALV003 attenuates gluten-induced mucosal injury in patients with celiac disease","volume":"146","author":"Kaukinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.105","article-title":"Current Status of Celiac Disease Drug Development","volume":"111","author":"Wungjiranirun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.07.071","article-title":"Latiglutenase Protects the Mucosa and Attenuates Symptom Severity in Patients With Celiac Disease Exposed to a Gluten Challenge","volume":"163","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174434","article-title":"Current pharmacological approaches and potential future therapies for Celiac disease","volume":"909","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.03.014","article-title":"Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten or wheat sensitivity and health in later life: A review","volume":"112","author":"Bathrellou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.010","article-title":"AGA Clinical Practice Update on Diagnosis and Monitoring of Celiac Disease-Changing Utility of Serology and Histologic Measures: Expert Review","volume":"156","author":"Husby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.06.029","article-title":"Low Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer Among Patients With Celiac Disease, Inflammation, or Latent Celiac Disease","volume":"10","author":"Granath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00302-4","article-title":"Risk of malignancy in patients with celiac disease","volume":"115","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"7093","article-title":"Delayed presentation of seropositivity in pre-existent coeliac disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: A possible co-occurrence?","volume":"25","author":"Kostopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.11.016","article-title":"Gluten Intake and Risk of Digestive System Cancers in 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa387","article-title":"Gluten Intake and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Prospective Findings from the UK Biobank","volume":"151","author":"Behrendt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000323930","article-title":"Environmental and lifestyle influences on disorders of the large and small intestine: Implications for treatment","volume":"29","author":"Hall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/aac2.12055","article-title":"Cancer and aging: A call to action","volume":"3","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cancer"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00788","article-title":"Coeliac disease: Review of diagnosis and management","volume":"207","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956119","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.956119","article-title":"A comprehensive map of microbial biomarkers along the gastrointestinal tract for celiac disease patients","volume":"13","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.34172\/mejdd.2022.272","article-title":"Introducing New Potential Biomarkers for Celiac Disease among the Genes Extracted from General Databases","volume":"14","author":"Khalkhal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Middle East J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.03.005","article-title":"Single-Cell Analysis of Refractory Celiac Disease Demonstrates Inter- and Intra-Patient Aberrant Cell Heterogeneity","volume":"14","author":"Dieckman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14830","article-title":"Microsatellite instability profiles of gastrointestinal cancers: Comparison between non-colorectal and colorectal origin","volume":"82","author":"Kunita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000234","article-title":"Determination of Mismatch Repair Status in Human Cancer and Its Clinical Significance: Does One Size Fit All?","volume":"26","author":"Corti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Anat. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-20-1852","article-title":"Mismatch repair testing in breast cancer: The path to tumor-specific immuno-oncology biomarkers","volume":"9","author":"Venetis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu450","article-title":"The evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer: Recommendations by an International TILs Working Group 2014","volume":"26","author":"Salgado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Tian, S., Sun, J., Zhang, J., Lin, L., and Hu, C. (2020). The presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the ratios between different subsets serve as prognostic factors in advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07234-0"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11818","article-title":"PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathological Analysis in Women Younger than 40 Years Old","volume":"34","author":"Evangelou","year":"2020","journal-title":"In Vivo"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/2\/376\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:19:56Z","timestamp":1760120396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/2\/376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"references-count":171,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["genes14020376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes14020376","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]}}}