{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:26:20Z","timestamp":1779931580774,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K08745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K08745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (mcEDS) is a subtype of EDS caused by mutations in the gene for carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 (CHST14) (mcEDS-CHST14) or dermatan sulfate epimerase (DSE) (mcEDS-DSE). These mutations induce loss of enzymatic activity in D4ST1 or DSE and disrupt dermatan sulfate (DS) biosynthesis. The depletion of DS causes the symptoms of mcEDS, such as multiple congenital malformations (e.g., adducted thumbs, clubfeet, and craniofacial characteristics) and progressive connective tissue fragility-related manifestations (e.g., recurrent dislocations, progressive talipes or spinal deformities, pneumothorax or pneumohemothorax, large subcutaneous hematomas, and\/or diverticular perforation). Careful observations of patients and model animals are important to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and therapies for the disorder. Some independent groups have investigated Chst14 gene-deleted (Chst14-\/-) and Dse-\/- mice as models of mcEDS-CHST14 and mcEDS-DSE, respectively. These mouse models exhibit similar phenotypes to patients with mcEDS, such as suppressed growth and skin fragility with deformation of the collagen fibrils. Mouse models of mcEDS-CHST14 also show thoracic kyphosis, hypotonia, and myopathy, which are typical complications of mcEDS. These findings suggest that the mouse models can be useful for research uncovering the pathophysiology of mcEDS and developing etiology-based therapy. In this review, we organize and compare the data of patients and model mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14020436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T02:32:07Z","timestamp":1675909927000},"page":"436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mouse Models of Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8344-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoki","family":"Kosho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31552","article-title":"The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes","volume":"175","author":"Malfait","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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