{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:21:26Z","timestamp":1788200486858,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]],"date-time":"2023-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis comorbidities may emerge from pleiotropic mechanisms, including common proinflammatory pathways, cellular mediators or genetic predisposition. Obesity is considered to be an independent risk factor of psoriasis, which may influence the severity of the disease and its early onset, decrease patients\u2019 quality of life, alter response to psoriasis therapies and affect morbidity by reduced life expectancy due to cardiovascular events. Although novel approaches, including genetic techniques, have provided a wide range of new research, there are still scarce studies elaborating on the common genetic background of psoriasis and obesity. The aim of this study was to present and evaluate a possible common genetic background of psoriasis and concomitant increased body mass based on the review of the available literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14030594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T04:05:40Z","timestamp":1677470740000},"page":"594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Considerations of the Genetic Background of Obesity among Patients with Psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8519-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Czarnecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6089-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Purzycka-Bohdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Zab\u0142otna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3496-2238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Bohdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4768-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman J.","family":"Nowicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Szczerkowska-Dobosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2020.96243","article-title":"Pathogenesis of psoriasis in the \u201comic\u201d era. Part II. Genetic, genomic and epigenetic changes in psoriasis","volume":"37","author":"Nedoszytko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postep. Dermatol. Alergol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2020.05.008","article-title":"The current landscape of psoriasis genetics in 2020","volume":"99","author":"Ogawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1086\/503821","article-title":"Sequence and haplotype analysis supports HLA-C as the psoriasis susceptibility 1 gene","volume":"78","author":"Nair","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiricozzi, A., Romanelli, P., Volpe, E., Borsellino, G., and Romanelli, M. (2018). Scanning the Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010179"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vi\u010di\u0107, M., Ka\u0161telan, M., Brajac, I., Soto\u0161ek, V., and Massari, L.P. (2021). Current Concepts of Psoriasis Immunopathogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111574"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2014.09.004","article-title":"Psoriasis is a systemic disease with multiple cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities","volume":"33","author":"Ryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00579","article-title":"Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Psoriasis Patients: Causes and Consequences","volume":"9","author":"Boehncke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2020.98284","article-title":"Pathogenesis of psoriasis in the \u201comic\u201d era. Part III. Metabolic disorders, metabolomics, nutrigenomics in psoriasis","volume":"37","author":"Nedoszytko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postep. Dermatol. Alergol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2008.02791.x","article-title":"Relationship of psoriasis severity to obesity using same-gender siblings as controls for obesity","volume":"34","author":"Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.6262","article-title":"Association of Psoriasis With the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity","volume":"152","author":"Skov","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.265","article-title":"Total and regional fat distribution is strongly influenced by genetic factors in young and elderly twins","volume":"13","author":"Malis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrea, L., Nappi, F., Di Somma, C., Savanelli, M.C., Falco, A., Balato, A., Balato, N., and Savastano, S. (2016). Environmental Risk Factors in Psoriasis: The Point of View of the Nutritionist. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13070743"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-018-0990-8","article-title":"A Narrative Review of Physician Perspectives Regarding the Social and Environmental Determinants of Obesity","volume":"18","author":"Noriea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.25251\/skin.4.2.3","article-title":"Review of the Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Comorbidities of Psoriasis","volume":"4","author":"Vebman","year":"2020","journal-title":"SKIN J. Cutan. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"7353420","article-title":"Biomarkers of Inflammation in Obesity-Psoriatic Patients","volume":"2019","author":"Fabbrocini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barros, G., Duran, P., Vera, I., and Berm\u00fadez, V. (2022). Exploring the Links between Obesity and Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147499"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1159\/000433528","article-title":"Prevalence of Obesity in Patients with Psoriasis: Results of the National Study PsoHealth3","volume":"231","author":"Jacobi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.07.822","article-title":"Obesity, Waist Circumference, Weight Change, and Risk of Incident Psoriasis: Prospective Data from the HUNT Study","volume":"137","author":"Snekvik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14939","article-title":"Increased risk of psoriasis in subjects with abdominal obesity: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"46","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.064","article-title":"Psoriasis and comorbid diseases: Epidemiology","volume":"76","author":"Takeshita","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09941.x","article-title":"Cause-specific mortality in patients with severe psoriasis: A population-based cohort study in the UK","volume":"163","author":"Abuabara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-016-0211-7","article-title":"Considerations for Systemic Treatment of Psoriasis in Obese Patients","volume":"17","author":"Gisondi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04065.x","article-title":"Obesity and psoriasis: Body weight and body mass index influence the response to biological treatment","volume":"25","author":"Puig","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12163","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A systematic literature review","volume":"27","author":"Horreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.02.005","article-title":"Body composition in clinical practice","volume":"85","author":"Andreoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10895","DOI":"10.3390\/s140610895","article-title":"The theory and fundamentals of bioimpedance analysis in clinical status monitoring and diagnosis of diseases","volume":"14","author":"Khalil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10301","article-title":"Reliability and variability of bioimpedance measures in normal adults: Effects of age, gender, and body mass","volume":"122","author":"Dittmar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.05.008","article-title":"Bioelectrical phase angle and impedance vector analysis\u2014Clinical relevance and applicability of impedance parameters","volume":"31","author":"Norman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blake, T., Gullick, N.J., Hutchinson, C.E., and Barber, T.M. (2020). Psoriatic disease and body composition: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.18.20104802"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1254326","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis to define an excess of body fat: Evaluation in patients with psoriasis","volume":"28","author":"Galluzzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"137","article-title":"Body Composition Analysis in Clinical Dermatology","volume":"36","author":"Kimball","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.103","article-title":"Psoriasis and systemic inflammatory diseases: Potential mechanistic links between skin disease and co-morbid conditions","volume":"130","author":"Davidovici","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01261.x","article-title":"The \u2018psoriatic march\u2019: A concept of how severe psoriasis may drive cardiovascular comorbidity","volume":"20","author":"Boehncke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13701","article-title":"The triad psoriasis-obesity-adipokine profile","volume":"30","author":"Coimbra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12451","article-title":"Effect of treatment with methotrexate and coal tar on adipokine levels and indices of insulin resistance and sensitivity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"29","author":"Rajappa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in Japanese patients with psoriasis","volume":"159","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1115-3","article-title":"New insights into different adipokines in linking the pathophysiology of obesity and psoriasis","volume":"18","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.216","article-title":"Increased activity of interleukin-23\/interleukin-17 proinflammatory axis in obese women","volume":"33","author":"Stevanovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00483-2","article-title":"Interleukin-17 and Interleukin-23: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms of Action in Psoriasis and Associated Comorbidities","volume":"11","author":"Menter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dopytalska, K., Ciechanowicz, P., Wiszniewski, K., Szyma\u0144ska, E., and Walecka, I. (2021). The Role of Epigenetic Factors in Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179294"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoud, A.M. (2022). An Overview of Epigenetics in Obesity: The Role of Lifestyle and Therapeutic Interventions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031341"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2009.11","article-title":"Genome-wide association scan yields new insights into the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis","volume":"10","author":"Elder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capon, F. (2017). The Genetic Basis of Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122526"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01764","article-title":"Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Psoriasis and Other Inflammatory Disorders","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.310","article-title":"Psoriasis genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility variants within late cornified envelope (LCE) gene cluster at 1q21","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15382","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15382","article-title":"Large scale meta-analysis characterizes genetic architecture for common psoriasis associated variants","volume":"8","author":"Tsoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.167","article-title":"Genetics of psoriasis: Evidence for epistatic interaction between skin barrier abnormalities and immune deviation","volume":"132","author":"Bergboer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budu-Aggrey, A., Brumpton, B., Tyrrell, J., Watkins, S., Modalsli, E.H., Celis-Morales, C., Ferguson, L.D., Vie, G.\u00c5., Palmer, T., and Fritsche, L.G. (2019). Evidence of a causal relationship between body mass index and psoriasis: A mendelian randomization study. PLoS Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002739"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kisielnicka, A., Sobalska-Kwapis, M., Purzycka-Bohdan, D., Nedoszytko, B., Zab\u0142otna, M., Seweryn, M., Strapagiel, D., Nowicki, R.J., Reich, A., and Samotij, D. (2022). The Analysis of a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of Overweight and Obesity in Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137396"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.10.007","article-title":"Genetics and epigenetics in obesity","volume":"92","author":"Rohde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1600454","article-title":"Network analysis identifies common genes associated with obesity in six obesity-related diseases","volume":"18","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2016.11.007","article-title":"Molecular genetics of human obesity: A comprehensive review","volume":"340","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.227","article-title":"The bigger picture of FTO: The first GWAS-identified obesity gene","volume":"10","author":"Loos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scuteri, A., Sanna, S., Chen, W.M., Uda, M., Albai, G., Strait, J., Najjar, S., Nagaraja, R., Orr\u00fa, M., and Usala, G. (2007). Genome-wide association scan shows genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with obesity-related traits. PLoS Genet., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030115"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141634","article-title":"A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity","volume":"316","author":"Frayling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13000","article-title":"Effect of the FTO rs9930506 polymorphism on obesity and the main clinical outcomes in patients with psoriasis","volume":"171","author":"Eiris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"7304345","article-title":"The Influence of FTO Polymorphism rs9939609 on Obesity, Some Clinical Features, and Disturbance of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Patients with Psoriasis","volume":"2019","author":"Szepietowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.140","article-title":"Common variants near MC4R are associated with fat mass, weight and risk of obesity","volume":"40","author":"Loos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"69","article-title":"Gene polymorphisms of TNF-238G\/A, TNF-308G\/A, IL10-1082G\/A, TNFAIP3, and MC4R and comorbidity occurrence in a Romanian population with psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Voiculescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3109\/13813455.2015.1024136","article-title":"Lack of association between leptin, leptin receptor, adiponectin gene polymorphisms and epicardial adipose tissue, abdominal visceral fat volume and atherosclerotic burden in psoriasis patients","volume":"121","author":"Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845272","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/845272","article-title":"Assessment of Leptin Gene Polymorphism rs2060713 in Psoriasis Vulgaris","volume":"2014","author":"Karpouzis","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4771","article-title":"Transcriptomic landscaping of core genes and pathways of mild and severe psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"47","author":"Choudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01299.x","article-title":"Association between the leptin gene 2548G\/A polymorphism, the plasma leptin and the metabolic syndrome with psoriasis","volume":"20","author":"Rashed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szentkereszty-Kov\u00e1cs, Z., Fiatal, S., Janka, E.A., Kov\u00e1cs, D., Szegedi, A., Remenyik, \u00c9., and T\u00f6r\u0151csik, D. (2021). Leptin Receptor (rs1137101) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (rs925946) Gene Variants Are Associated with Obesity in the Early- but Not in the Late-Onset Population of Hungarian Psoriatic Patients. Life, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11101086"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-015-1581-z","article-title":"Association between leptin gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and circulating leptin levels in obese patients with psoriasis","volume":"307","author":"Mitsuyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22245","article-title":"Association of PPAR-\u03b3 gene polymorphisms with obesity and obesity-associated phenotypes in North Indian population","volume":"24","author":"Prakash","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.15025","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in dermatology: Challenge and promise","volume":"3","author":"Sertznig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Derm. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_114_18","article-title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-\u03b3 Gene Polymorphism in Psoriasis and Its Relation to Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Narrowband Ultraviolet B Response: A Case-Control Study in Egyptian Patients","volume":"64","author":"Seleit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4548012","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4548012","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 Agonist Pioglitazone Reduced CD68+ but Not CD163+ Macrophage Dermal Infiltration in Obese Psoriatic Patients","volume":"2020","author":"Yemchenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2022.118919","article-title":"The role of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"39","author":"Polak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Dermatol. Allergol.\/Post\u0119py Dermatologii i Alergologii"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.04.006","article-title":"Identification and characterization of new gain-of-function mutations in the PCSK9 gene responsible for autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia","volume":"223","author":"Abifadel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.126987","article-title":"Plasma PCSK9 is associated with age, sex, and multiple metabolic markers in a population-based sample of children and adolescents","volume":"55","author":"Baass","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krahel, J.A., Baran, A., Kami\u0144ski, T.W., and Flisiak, I. (2020). Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin\/Kexin Type 9, Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8, Sortilin, and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein\u2014Friends of Foes for Psoriatic Patients at the Risk of Developing Cardiometabolic Syndrome?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103682"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.07.046","article-title":"Potentiation of psoriasis-like inflammation by PCSK9","volume":"39","author":"Luan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e141193","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.141193","article-title":"Proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 is a psoriasis-susceptibility locus that is negatively related to IL36G","volume":"7","author":"Merleev","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90975-0","article-title":"Polymorphisms of rs2483205 and rs562556 in the PCSK9 gene are associated with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"11","author":"Gai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.04.016","article-title":"Combined effects of HLA-Cw6, body mass index and waist-hip ratio on psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese Han population","volume":"52","author":"Jin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12001","article-title":"Interactions between adiposity and genetic polymorphisms on the risk of psoriasis","volume":"168","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04808","article-title":"IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth","volume":"442","author":"Langowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/3\/594\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:43:10Z","timestamp":1760121790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/3\/594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["genes14030594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes14030594","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]]}}}