{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:19:22Z","timestamp":1784902762752,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01MH119759-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01MH119759-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH119737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH119737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although it is known that copy number variants (CNVs) on chromosome 22, such as 22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2DS) and 22q11.2 duplication (22q11.2Dup) syndromes, are associated with higher risk for neurodevelopmental issues, few studies have examined the language skills across 22q11.2Dup nor compared them with the 22q11.2DS. The current study aims to characterize language abilities in school-aged children with 22q11.2Dup (n = 29), compared to age-matched children with 22q11.2DS (n = 29). Standardized language tests were administered, assessing receptive and expressive language skills across different language domains. Results indicate that children with 22q11.2Dup demonstrate significantly more language problems compared to the general population. Mean language skills were not significantly different among children with 22q11.2 CNVs in this cohort. While children with 22q11.2DS demonstrated language difficulties starting at the word level, the most common language problems in children with 22q11.2Dup started at the sentence level. Importantly, both expressive and receptive language as well as lexico-semantic and morphosyntactic domains were impaired in children with 22q11.2 CNVs. Early identification, therapeutic intervention, and follow-up of language impairments in children with 22q11.2Dup are recommended to support language development and to reduce longitudinal impact of language and communicative deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14030679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T03:46:40Z","timestamp":1678333600000},"page":"679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Language Profiles of School-Aged Children with 22q11.2 Copy Number Variants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3024-8520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jente","family":"Verbesselt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3259-9575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia B.","family":"Solot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Childhood Communication, 22q and You Center, Cleft Lip and Palate Program, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6956-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Van Den Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Developmental Disorders, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Jette, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3272-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. Blaine","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Giunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0734-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Breckpot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4077-250X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna M.","family":"McDonald-McGinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inge","family":"Zink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"MUCLA, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4258-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Swillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_AJSLP-16-0147","article-title":"Speech-Language Disorders in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Best Practices for Diagnosis and Management","volume":"28","author":"Solot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. 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