{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T11:11:38Z","timestamp":1782645098334,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31860729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31860729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31560721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31560721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018CB033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018CB033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TDZKCX202204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKCX202204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022xjkk150403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk150403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Chin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZHYLH201902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYLH201902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Program Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","award":["31860729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31860729"]}]},{"name":"Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Program Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","award":["31560721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31560721"]}]},{"name":"Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Program Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","award":["2018CB033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018CB033"]}]},{"name":"Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Program Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","award":["TDZKCX202204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKCX202204"]}]},{"name":"Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Program Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","award":["2022xjkk150403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk150403"]}]},{"name":"Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Program Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","award":["ZHYLH201902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYLH201902"]}]},{"name":"President\u2019s Fund of Tarim University-Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Schizothorax in Southern Xinjiang Innovative Research Team Project","award":["31860729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31860729"]}]},{"name":"President\u2019s Fund of Tarim University-Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Schizothorax in Southern Xinjiang Innovative Research Team Project","award":["31560721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31560721"]}]},{"name":"President\u2019s Fund of Tarim University-Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Schizothorax in Southern Xinjiang Innovative Research Team Project","award":["2018CB033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018CB033"]}]},{"name":"President\u2019s Fund of Tarim University-Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Schizothorax in Southern Xinjiang Innovative Research Team Project","award":["TDZKCX202204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKCX202204"]}]},{"name":"President\u2019s Fund of Tarim University-Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Schizothorax in Southern Xinjiang Innovative Research Team Project","award":["2022xjkk150403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk150403"]}]},{"name":"President\u2019s Fund of Tarim University-Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Schizothorax in Southern Xinjiang Innovative Research Team Project","award":["ZHYLH201902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYLH201902"]}]},{"name":"The Third Xinjiang Integrated Scientific Expedition Project","award":["31860729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31860729"]}]},{"name":"The Third Xinjiang Integrated Scientific Expedition Project","award":["31560721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31560721"]}]},{"name":"The Third Xinjiang Integrated Scientific Expedition Project","award":["2018CB033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018CB033"]}]},{"name":"The Third Xinjiang Integrated Scientific Expedition Project","award":["TDZKCX202204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKCX202204"]}]},{"name":"The Third Xinjiang Integrated Scientific Expedition Project","award":["2022xjkk150403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk150403"]}]},{"name":"The Third Xinjiang Integrated Scientific Expedition Project","award":["ZHYLH201902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYLH201902"]}]},{"name":"United Fund of the Ocean University of China and Tarim University","award":["31860729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31860729"]}]},{"name":"United Fund of the Ocean University of China and Tarim University","award":["31560721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31560721"]}]},{"name":"United Fund of the Ocean University of China and Tarim University","award":["2018CB033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018CB033"]}]},{"name":"United Fund of the Ocean University of China and Tarim University","award":["TDZKCX202204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKCX202204"]}]},{"name":"United Fund of the Ocean University of China and Tarim University","award":["2022xjkk150403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk150403"]}]},{"name":"United Fund of the Ocean University of China and Tarim University","award":["ZHYLH201902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYLH201902"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schizothorax biddulphi is an endemic fish distributed only in southern Xinjiang, China. Due to overfishing, water conservancy facilities, and other factors, as well as inherent biological limitations, resource recovery is quite difficult. For endangered fish with slow growth, late sexual maturity, and insufficient natural population supplementation, large-scale artificial reproduction and breeding are important for restoring resources. Therefore, it is urgent to optimize the reproductive regulation methods of the fish. The kiss1 gene is a key regulator of the reproductive regulation cascade, and identifying and analyzing the role of kiss1 are important for further elucidating the reproductive mechanism of S. biddulphi. To understand the characteristics of the kiss1 of S. biddulphi, the full-length cDNA sequence of kiss1 was obtained in this study, and its tissue expression specificity and association with phenotypic traits were analyzed in male fish. The full-length cDNA sequence of kiss1 in S. biddulphi was 658 bp, with an ORF of 327 bp, and encoded a 108-amino acid, unstable protein. Homology results indicated that kiss1 was highly conserved. qPCR showed kiss1 expression in different tissues in male S. biddulphi, with the highest expression in the gonads, followed by muscle, and significantly lower expression in the swim bladder, pituitary gland, heart, hypothalamus, gill, fin, liver, eye, and mid-kidney. qPCR revealed three SNP loci in the exonic region of kiss1. The c.3G&gt;T locus was significantly correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with gonad mass and the maturation coefficient in S. biddulphi. These results will help uncover the reproductive endocrinology network of S. biddulphi, improve artificial breeding technology for fish, and unveil new directions for breeding excellent strains of S. biddulphi and molecular marker-assisted breeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14040862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T04:45:33Z","timestamp":1680497133000},"page":"862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cloning, Expression Analysis and SNP Screening of the kiss1 Gene in Male Schizothorax biddulphi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhulan","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production & Construction, Alaer 843300, China"},{"name":"State Kay Laboratory Breeding Base for the Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin Co-Funded by Xinjiang Corps and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nianhua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production & Construction, Alaer 843300, China"},{"name":"State Kay Laboratory Breeding Base for the Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin Co-Funded by Xinjiang Corps and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production & Construction, Alaer 843300, China"},{"name":"State Kay Laboratory Breeding Base for the Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin Co-Funded by Xinjiang Corps and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China"},{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3112-3153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China"},{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9741-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production & Construction, Alaer 843300, China"},{"name":"State Kay Laboratory Breeding Base for the Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin Co-Funded by Xinjiang Corps and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Yan, G., Zhang, R.M., and Cai, L.G. (2012). Xinjiang Fish Journal, Xinjiang Science and Technology Press."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Resource composition, length-weight relationship and condition factor of fishes in Bosten Lake","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Boreali-Occident. Sin."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"76","article-title":"Investigation of the resources and distribution of Schizothorax biddulphi G\u00fcnther","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Freshw. Fish."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Le, P.Q., and Chen, Y.Y. (1998). Red Book of Endangered Animals of China (Fish), Science Press."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1035.2012.00851","article-title":"Genetic structure and genetic diversity analysis of Schizothorax biddulphi population","volume":"36","author":"Meng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Hydrobiol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5098","article-title":"FMRFamide-Related Neuropeptides Are Agonists of the Orphan G-Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR54","volume":"284","author":"Clements","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409330102","article-title":"Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54","volume":"102","author":"Messager","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6609","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1468","article-title":"Kisspeptin-54 Stimulates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Gonadal Axis in Human Males","volume":"90","author":"Dhillo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2012.03.019","article-title":"Chronic exogenous kisspeptin administration accelerates gonadal development in basses of the genus Morone","volume":"162","author":"Beck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21944","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25950-4","article-title":"Functional evaluation of a novel kisspeptin analogue on the reproduction of female goldfish","volume":"12","author":"Rabouti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"393","article-title":"Overview and new insights into the diversity, evolution, role, and regulation of kisspeptins and their receptors in teleost fish","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2020.113568","article-title":"Kisspeptin and GnRH interactions in the reproductive brain of teleosts","volume":"298","author":"Somoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T101","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-13-0224","article-title":"Molecular evolution of GPCRs: Kisspeptin\/kisspeptin receptors","volume":"52","author":"Pasquier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baptista, R.P., and Kissinger, J.C. (2019). Is reliance on an inaccurate genome sequence sabotaging your experiments?. PLoS Pathog., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007901"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883608","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.883608","article-title":"New Evidence for the Existence of Two Kiss\/Kissr Systems in a Flatfish Species, the Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), and Stimulatory Effects on Gonadotropin Gene Expression","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0940","article-title":"Cloning and Expression of kiss2 in the Zebrafish and Medaka","volume":"150","author":"Kitahashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14645","article-title":"The effect of different exogenous kisspeptins on sex hormones and reproductive indices of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) broodstock","volume":"98","author":"Valipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13998","article-title":"Expression of reproductive-related genes and changes in oocyte maturation of goldfish broodstock (Carassius auratus) following injection of different exogenous kisspeptins","volume":"56","author":"Valipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1065","article-title":"Expression and Putative Function of Kisspeptins and Their Receptors During Early Development in Medaka","volume":"154","author":"Hodne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2021.100951","article-title":"Hypothalamic kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptors: Species variation in reproduction and reproductive behaviours","volume":"64","author":"Sivalingam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.07.033","article-title":"Kisspeptin and seasonal control of reproduction in male European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)","volume":"179","author":"Migaud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.097667","article-title":"Differential and Gonad Stage-Dependent Roles of Kisspeptin1 and Kisspeptin2 in Reproduction in the Modern Teleosts, Morone Species","volume":"86","author":"Zmora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2010.07.011","article-title":"Molecular characterization, tissue distribution, and mRNA expression profiles of two Kiss genes in the adult male and female chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) during different gonadal stages","volume":"169","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.066266","article-title":"Molecular Identification and Functional Characterization of the Kisspeptin\/Kisspeptin Receptor System in Lower Vertebrates","volume":"79","author":"Biran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2010.07.008","article-title":"Elevation of Kiss2 and its receptor gene expression in the brain and pituitary of grass puffer during the spawning season","volume":"169","author":"Shahjahan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.11.017","article-title":"Evidence for two distinct KiSS genes in non-placental vertebrates that encode kisspeptins with different gonadotropin-releasing activities in fish and mammals","volume":"312","author":"Felip","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"707","article-title":"Genomic structure characterization of Kiss1 gene from Trachinotus ovatus and its expression responses to the feed types","volume":"43","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fish. China"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.072","article-title":"Functional analysis of kisspeptin peptides in adult immature chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) using an intracerebroventricular administration method","volume":"561","author":"Ohga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-016-4014-y","article-title":"Molecular identification of Kiss\/GPR54 and function analysis with mRNA expression profiles exposure to 17\u03b1-ethinylestradiol in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"504","article-title":"Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression characterization of the kisspeptin gene from Acipenser schrenckii","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Fish."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.06.001","article-title":"Goldfish kisspeptin: Molecular cloning, tissue distribution of transcript expression, and stimulatory effects on prolactin, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion and gene expression via direct actions at the pituitary level","volume":"165","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocr."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"496","article-title":"Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of Kisspeptin from Sinocyclocheilus tingi","volume":"35","author":"Liao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sichuan J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s12041-021-01289-z","article-title":"Gene structure, SNP screening and growth correlation analysis of the preproinsulin gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)","volume":"100","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Genet."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filippi, C.V., Merino, G.A., Montecchia, J.F., Aguirre, N.C., Rivarola, M., Naamati, G., Fass, M.I., \u00c1lvarez, D., Di Rienzo, J., and Heinz, R.A. (2020). Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Linkage Disequilibrium Assessment among International Sunflower Breeding Collections. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11030283"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02824-x","article-title":"Comparison of three statistical approaches for feature selection for fine-scale genetic population assignment in four pig breeds","volume":"53","author":"Hayah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z., Fredua-Agyeman, R., Hwang, S., and Strelkov, S.E. (2021). Molecular genetic diversity and population structure analyses of rutabaga accessions from Nordic countries as revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism markers. BMC Genom., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07762-4"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.10.018","article-title":"Evidence for the existence of a functional Kiss1\/Kiss1 receptor pathway in fish","volume":"29","author":"Kille","year":"2008","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R53","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0509","article-title":"Kisspeptin and energy balance in reproduction","volume":"147","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0948","article-title":"Organization of Two Independent Kisspeptin Systems Derived from Evolutionary-Ancient Kiss Genes in the Brain of Zebrafish","volume":"152","author":"Servili","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1503","article-title":"Identification of KiSS-1 Product Kisspeptin and Steroid-Sensitive Sexually Dimorphic Kisspeptin Neurons in Medaka (Oryzias latipes)","volume":"149","author":"Kanda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11349","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3328-05.2005","article-title":"Activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons by kisspeptin as a neuroendocrine switch for the onset of puberty","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05508.x","article-title":"Molecular coevolution of kisspeptins and their receptors from fish to mammals","volume":"1200","author":"Um","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2009.02496.x","article-title":"Functional and evolutionary insights into vertebrate kisspeptin systems from studies of fish brain","volume":"76","author":"Akazome","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3331","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410955200","article-title":"Expression of DGAT2 in white adipose tissue is regulated by central leptin action","volume":"280","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"717","article-title":"Function of mRNA alternative splicing in plant development","volume":"50","author":"Qu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2016.11.010","article-title":"Molecular cloning, characterization and expression profile of kisspeptin1 and kisspeptin1 receptor at brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis of golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) during gonadal development","volume":"205","author":"Shahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0016","article-title":"Structural and functional multiplicity of the kisspeptin\/GPR54 system in goldfish (Carassius auratus)","volume":"201","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0363-7","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin\u2014The link between energy balance and reproduction","volume":"16","author":"Navarro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32834558df","article-title":"Centrally injected kisspeptin reduces food intake by increasing meal intervals in mice","volume":"22","author":"Stengel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2017.07.008","article-title":"Connecting metabolism and gonadal function: Novel central neuropeptide pathways involved in the metabolic control of puberty and fertility","volume":"48","author":"Roa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0431","article-title":"A Role for Kisspeptins in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Mouse","volume":"145","author":"Gottsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Martini, L. (2010). Progress in Brain Research, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2015.10.008","article-title":"Molecular characterization of two kiss genes and their expression in rohu (Labeo rohita) during annual reproductive cycle","volume":"191","author":"Saha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12686-021-01218-3","article-title":"Identification of SNP markers for population genetics studies of the Mediterranean gorgonian, Leptogorgia sarmentosa","volume":"13","author":"Milhes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Conserv. Genet. Resour."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"45","article-title":"Tissue expression and polymorphism of sheep KISS1 gene and their association with litter size","volume":"55","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.09.013","article-title":"Association analysis of polymorphisms in caprine KiSS1 gene with reproductive traits","volume":"151","author":"Maitra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4308","DOI":"10.4238\/2013.February.28.13","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of KISS1 promoter and effect of KISS1 gene mutations on litter size in the goat","volume":"12","author":"An","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Study on polymorphism and tissue differential expression of KISS1 gene in Qianbei Ma Goats (Capra hircus)","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/4\/862\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:08:58Z","timestamp":1760123338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/4\/862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["genes14040862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes14040862","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]}}}