{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:39:12Z","timestamp":1781645952523,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Comunidad de Madrid","award":["P2022\/BMD-7321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022\/BMD-7321"]}]},{"name":"ProACapital","award":["P2022\/BMD-7321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022\/BMD-7321"]}]},{"name":"HALE KULANI, S. L.","award":["P2022\/BMD-7321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022\/BMD-7321"]}]},{"name":"MJR","award":["P2022\/BMD-7321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022\/BMD-7321"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histone acetylation plays a vital role in organizing chromatin, regulating gene expression and controlling the cell cycle. The first histone acetyltransferase to be identified was histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1), but it remains one of the least understood acetyltransferases. HAT1 catalyzes the acetylation of newly synthesized H4 and, to a lesser extent, H2A in the cytoplasm. However, 20 min after assembly, histones lose acetylation marks. Moreover, new noncanonical functions have been described for HAT1, revealing its complexity and complicating the understanding of its functions. Recently discovered roles include facilitating the translocation of the H3H4 dimer into the nucleus, increasing the stability of the DNA replication fork, replication-coupled chromatin assembly, coordination of histone production, DNA damage repair, telomeric silencing, epigenetic regulation of nuclear lamina-associated heterochromatin, regulation of the NF-\u03baB response, succinyl transferase activity and mitochondrial protein acetylation. In addition, the functions and expression levels of HAT1 have been linked to many diseases, such as many types of cancer, viral infections (hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus and viperin synthesis) and inflammatory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke). The collective data reveal that HAT1 is a promising therapeutic target, and novel therapeutic approaches, such as RNA interference and the use of aptamers, bisubstrate inhibitors and small-molecule inhibitors, are being evaluated at the preclinical level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14040915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T10:29:16Z","timestamp":1681468156000},"page":"915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Understanding HAT1: A Comprehensive Review of Noncanonical Roles and Connection with Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2588-1708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"De Leon-Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cielo","family":"Garcia-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4494-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Fraile-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Liviu","family":"Boaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"del Val Toledo Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4758-2151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Tu\u00f1\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1999-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Royuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0904-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Honduvilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2419-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Bujan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis G.","family":"Guijarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melchor","family":"Alvarez-Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service and Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Alvarez-Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/38444","article-title":"Crystal Structure of the Nucleosome Core Particle at 2.8 A Resolution","volume":"389","author":"Luger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(91)90070-F","article-title":"Histone Structure and Function","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. 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