{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:13:06Z","timestamp":1792804386401,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["2003629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2003629"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1163933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1163933"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["2021290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021290"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1186046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1186046"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Department of Health, Western Australia","award":["2003629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2003629"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01epcny94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Department of Health, Western Australia","award":["1163933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1163933"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01epcny94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Department of Health, Western Australia","award":["2021290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021290"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01epcny94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Department of Health, Western Australia","award":["1186046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1186046"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01epcny94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is a disease that is characterised by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and can be exacerbated by the excessive bone resorption of osteoclasts (OCs). Bioinformatic methods, including functional enrichment and network analysis, can provide information about the underlying molecular mechanisms that participate in the progression of osteoporosis. In this study, we harvested human OC-like cells differentiated in culture and their precursor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and characterised the transcriptome of the two cell types using RNA-sequencing in order to identify differentially expressed genes. Differential gene expression analysis was performed in RStudio using the edgeR package. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to identify enriched GO terms and signalling pathways, with inter-connected regions characterised using protein\u2013protein interaction analysis. In this study, we identified 3201 differentially expressed genes using a 5% false discovery rate; 1834 genes were upregulated, whereas 1367 genes were downregulated. We confirmed a significant upregulation of several well-established OC genes including CTSK, DCSTAMP, ACP5, MMP9, ITGB3, and ATP6V0D2. The GO analysis suggested that upregulated genes are involved in cell division, cell migration, and cell adhesion, while the KEGG pathway analysis highlighted oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, lysosome, and focal adhesion pathways. This study provides new information about changes in gene expression and highlights key biological pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14040916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T10:29:16Z","timestamp":1681468156000},"page":"916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Osteoclastogenesis Using RNA-seq"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Rashid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott G.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1766-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2021-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiake","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin H.","family":"Mullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arias, C.F., Herrero, M.A., Echeverri, L.F., Oleaga, G.E., and Lopez, J.M. 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