{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:27:47Z","timestamp":1788798467532,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Public Welfare Research Plan of Zhejiang Province","award":["LGN21C020008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGN21C020008"]}]},{"name":"Basic Public Welfare Research Plan of Zhejiang Province","award":["2019TSLSF02-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSLSF02-02"]}]},{"name":"Characteristic Industrial Chain Project of Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["LGN21C020008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGN21C020008"]}]},{"name":"Characteristic Industrial Chain Project of Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2019TSLSF02-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019TSLSF02-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radix bupleuri is one of the bulk medicinal materials in China and it is widely adopted in clinical applications and drug discovery. The investigation of agronomic traits, active component content and genetic diversity in diverse Radix bupleuri germplasms may provide evidence to promote the selection of better strains. In this research, 13 germplasms from various sources were used to investigate the variations between different Radix bupleuri germplasms. Nine biological characteristics were noted in the field, and the levels of the two primary active ingredients were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the molecular marker technique of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) were employed to evaluate the molecular genetic diversity. The findings showed that there was a wide range of variation among the many varieties of Radix bupleuri, with coefficients of variation for agronomic traits and active component content ranging from 7.62% to 41.54% and 36.47% to 53.70%, respectively. Moreover, there are different degrees of relationship between the two. Since there was a significant correlation between root weight and saikosaponin content, it was possible to classify a plant based on its weight and anticipate its saikosaponin content. The 13 species were divided into four groups based on their germplasm by genetic markers-based cluster analysis. This indicated the possibility that the component content would not necessarily be related to germplasm and might easily be influenced by environmental factors. The use of ISSR marker technology made it possible to precisely identify the various Radix bupleuri provenances and its counterfeit products. There may be a way to prevent the misunderstandings caused by the appearance and composition of Chinese medicinal substances. In our study, the germplasm of Radix bupleuri that was widely circulated in the market was comprehensively evaluated in terms of agronomic traits, active components and molecular level, and identified by simple means, to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and screening of fine germplasms of Radix bupleuri.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14040951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T04:01:23Z","timestamp":1682308883000},"page":"951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Bupleurum spp. Basing Agronomic Traits, Medicinal Components and ISSR Markers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9663-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiqing","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alam","family":"Nafee-Ul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuling","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongsuo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2989","article-title":"Research progress on medicinal plant resources of Bupleurum L","volume":"48","author":"Hang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.08.057","article-title":"Bupleurum chinense DC. polysaccharides attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"19","author":"Xie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"850","article-title":"Research on the nature and and function of Chaihu (Radix bupleurum)","volume":"31","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Chinese Med."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"697","article-title":"Textual research on Bupleuri radix in Chinese classical prescriptions","volume":"45","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11155","article-title":"Saikosaponin D inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion and induces autophagy-independent apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells","volume":"22","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2021.122858","article-title":"Investigation of the antidepressant mechanism of combined Radix bupleuri and Radix paeoniae alba treatment using proteomics analysis of liver tissue","volume":"1179","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.07.080","article-title":"Anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of Radix bupleuri extract against oxidative damage in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) via Nrf2 and TLRs signaling pathway","volume":"93","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5251","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S268358","article-title":"Effects of saikosaponin D on CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 in HepaRG cells","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113435","article-title":"An integrative metabolomics and network pharmacology method for exploring the effect and mechanism of Radix bupleuri and Radix paeoniae alba on anti-depression","volume":"189","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"94","article-title":"Network pharmacology molecular mechanism of Bupleurum scutellaria herb pair in prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"23","author":"Shu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Liaoning Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission (2020). Pharmacopoeia of People\u2019s Republic of China, China Medical Science Press."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2007.04.009","article-title":"ITS sequence analysis used for molecular identification of the Bupleurum species from northwestern China","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"110","article-title":"Research progress of Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Latest Med. Inf."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"6062","article-title":"Identification of Radix bupleuri and its mixed products based on ITS2 barcode","volume":"51","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"3960","article-title":"Genome survey analysis and SSR loci mining of Bupleurum falcatum","volume":"44","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.10.040","article-title":"Species discrimination of Radix bupleuri through the simultaneous determination of ten saikosaponins by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"879","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"36","article-title":"Agronomic traits and quality characters of different types of Bupleurum chinense","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Northeast. For. Univ."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"66","article-title":"Determination of saikoside a, c, d of Radix bupleuri from different areas by HPLC","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gansu Med. J."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1806","article-title":"Study on identification of Bupleurum cultivated germplasm using SSR molecular markers","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod. Tradit. Chin. Med. Mater. Med. World Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"47","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Pitaya accessions based on ISSR analysis","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Trop. Crops"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"43","article-title":"Application status of molecular marker technology in medicinal plants and research progress of Christina loosestrife","volume":"38","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric. Technol. Serv."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1837","article-title":"Establishment and optimization of ISSR-PCR reaction system for Bupleurum chinense DC","volume":"19","author":"Sui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Li Shizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"193","article-title":"ISSR-PCR and ITS sequence analysis of Bupleurum germplasm resources","volume":"43","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Northwest A F Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"100079","article-title":"Genetic diversity in Egyptian bottle gourd genotypes based on ISSR markers","volume":"18","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-020-10001-2","article-title":"Genetic diversity assessment of a Chinese medicinal endemic species, Aspidopterys obcordata var. obcordata, by combined molecular marker methods (ISSR & SRAP)","volume":"59","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"100085","article-title":"Genetic diversity assessment in some landraces and varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Afar Region, Ethiopia, using ISSR markers","volume":"19","author":"Takele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2020.101827","article-title":"ISSR-PCR approach as a means of studying genetic variation in moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Mar\u00e9chal)","volume":"30","author":"Bhadkaria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Degu, H.D., Tehelku, T.F., Kalousova, M., and Sato, K. (2023). Genetic diversity and population structure of barley landraces from Southern Ethiopia\u2019s Gumer district: Utilization for breeding and conservation. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279737"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29514-y","article-title":"Identification and analysis of the genetic integrity of different types of rice resources through SSR markers","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"60","article-title":"Experimental Study on Introduction of Bupleurum","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod. Agric. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1142.2013.10011","article-title":"Study on chromosome number and karyotype of Bupleurum in China","volume":"31","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"121","article-title":"Microscopic and Molecular Identification of Bupleurum chinense Seeds from Different Areas","volume":"23","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"North. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"2425","article-title":"ITS2 sequence identification and karyotype similarity coefficient cluster analysis of bupleurum","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z.H., Zhao, H.X., Lu, T., Zhao, M.Y., Xiao, Y.S., Liu, S.Y., and Xiu, Y. (2022). Quantitative analysis and differential evaluation of Radix bupleuri cultivated in different regions based on HPLC-MS and GC-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154830"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"28","article-title":"Genetic diversity analysis of Tagetes patula L. germplasm resources based on SRAP molecular markers","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Qinghai Univ."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"113","article-title":"Genetic relationship of RAPD and AFLP among Bupleurum cultivars","volume":"41","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification and genetic diversity analysis of Bupleurum seed based on ITS2 sequence","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of Abaupleurum chinense DC. based on SSR molecular marker","volume":"57","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-017-9803-z","article-title":"Genetic Diversity in various accessions of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] using ISSR and SSR markers","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06059-1","article-title":"Development and validation of heat-responsive candidate gene and miRNA gene based SSR markers to analysis genetic diversity in wheat for heat tolerance breeding","volume":"48","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-08165-8","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism detection in Brazilian perennial cottons (Gossypium spp.) using an ISSR marker system and its application for molecular interspecific differentiation","volume":"50","author":"Bruno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035977","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1035977","article-title":"Genetic diversity using biochemical, physiological, karyological and molecular markers of Sesamum indicum L","volume":"13","author":"Alshamrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-020-00920-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization of endangered Iranian terrestrial orchids using ISSR markers and association with floral and tuber-related phenotypic traits","volume":"27","author":"Gholami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol Biol Plants."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1728","article-title":"Genetic diversity of different origin Bupleurum chinese detected by ISSR analysis","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/4\/951\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:20:59Z","timestamp":1760124059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/4\/951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["genes14040951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes14040951","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]}}}