{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:43:56Z","timestamp":1787028236298,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002426","name":"Telethon Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GG14181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GG14181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002426","name":"Telethon Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUP F85D18000130001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP F85D18000130001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002426","name":"Telethon Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR)","award":["GG14181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GG14181"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR)","award":["CUP F85D18000130001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP F85D18000130001"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR)","award":["51\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51\/2016"]}]},{"name":"ARES PUGLIA","award":["GG14181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GG14181"]}]},{"name":"ARES PUGLIA","award":["CUP F85D18000130001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP F85D18000130001"]}]},{"name":"ARES PUGLIA","award":["51\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fragile X syndrome is a neuro-developmental disease affecting intellectual abilities and social interactions. Drosophila melanogaster represents a consolidated model to study neuronal pathways underlying this syndrome, especially because the model recapitulates complex behavioural phenotypes. Drosophila Fragile X protein, or FMRP, is required for a normal neuronal structure and for correct synaptic differentiation in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, as well as for synaptic connectivity during development of the neuronal circuits. At the molecular level, FMRP has a crucial role in RNA homeostasis, including a role in transposon RNA regulation in the gonads of D. m. Transposons are repetitive sequences regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to avoid genomic instability. De-regulation of transposons in the brain in response to chromatin relaxation has previously been related to neurodegenerative events in Drosophila models. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that FMRP is required for transposon silencing in larval and adult brains of Drosophila \u201closs of function\u201d dFmr1 mutants. This study highlights that flies kept in isolation, defined as asocial conditions, experience activation of transposable elements. In all, these results suggest a role for transposons in the pathogenesis of certain neurological alterations in Fragile X as well as in abnormal social behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14051060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T01:40:02Z","timestamp":1683682802000},"page":"1060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expression of Transposable Elements in the Brain of the Drosophila melanogaster Model for Fragile X Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"De Donno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Puricella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"D\u2019Attis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1051-6014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Specchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Bozzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8536","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.22.8536-8547.2000","article-title":"Characterization of DFMR1, a Drosophila melanogaster Homolog of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein","volume":"20","author":"Wan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. 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