{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:08:58Z","timestamp":1760148538141,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transplantation of the gonadal tissue of male and female avian species, such as chicken, onto suitable surrogates and production of live offspring has been successfully demonstrated as a strategy for the conservation and re-constitution of valuable chicken germplasm. The main objective of this study was to establish and develop the male gonadal tissue transplantation technology for the conservation of the indigenous chicken germplasm. The male gonads of the Indian native chicken breed, Kadaknath (KN), were transplanted from a day-old donor to a recipient white leghorn (WL) chicken, and Khaki Campbell (KC) ducks, as surrogates. All the surgical interventions were performed under permitted general anaesthesia, and the chicks, upon recovery, were reared with and without immunosuppressant. The recipient surrogates for the donor KN gonads were housed and reared for 10\u201314 weeks, and post-sacrifice, developed gonadal tissues were harvested to squeeze out the fluid to perform artificial insemination (AI). The AI-entailed fertility test using the recovered seminal extract from the transplanted KN testes from both surrogate species (KC ducks and WL males), used against KN purebred females, remained very close to the percent fertility realised from purebred KN chickens (controls). These initial results revealed from this trial study suggest definitively that, Kadaknath male gonads were readily accepted and grown inside the intra- and inter-species surrogate host, WL chicken and KC ducks, demonstrating a suitable intra- and inter-species donor-host system. Furthermore, the developed transplanted male gonads of KN chicken into the surrogates were found to have the potential to fertilise the egg and give rise to pure-line KN chicks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14051094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T01:52:41Z","timestamp":1684288361000},"page":"1094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Male Gonads Transplantation from Kadaknath Chicken to Chicken and Duck Surrogates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6357-3429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Naim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KIIT-TBI, Campus 11, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3704-0693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surya Kanta","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Agriculture and Research\u2014Directorate of Poultry Research, Regional Centre, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6268-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjan","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indra mani","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey360","article-title":"Chicken semen cryopreservation and use for the restoration of rare genetic resources","volume":"98","author":"Bailliard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-022-00768-2","article-title":"Poultry genetic heritage cryopreservation and reconstruction: Advancement and future challenges","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"100475","article-title":"Animal board invited review: Germplasm technologies for use with poultry","volume":"16","author":"Blesbois","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szczerba, A., Kuwana, T., Paradowska, M., and Bednarczyk, M. (2020). In Vitro Culture of Chicken Circulating and Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells on a Somatic Feeder Layer of Avian Origin. 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Sci."}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/5\/1094\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:36:05Z","timestamp":1760124965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/14\/5\/1094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["genes14051094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes14051094","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]}}}